Oracle
Water expands when it freezes. Answer true or false.
Answer
true
- claim
- Water expands in volume (decreases in density) when it freezes into ordinary ice (ice Ih) at standard atmospheric pressure, compared to its liquid state just above freezing.
- sources
- , crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice (~0.917 g/cm3) is less than liquid water (~1.0 g/cm3) at 0c, so water expands (~9% by volume) upon freezing., crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice at 0c is ~0.9167 g/cm3 vs liquid water at 0c ~0.9998 g/cm3, a volume increase of about 9% on freezing, crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice at 0°c is approximately 0.9167 g/cm^3, versus liquid water at 0°c at approximately 0.9998 g/cm^3, a well-established physical constant, crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice ih at 0c (~0.9167 g/cm3) is lower than liquid water at 0c (~0.9998 g/cm3), meaning a fixed mass of water occupies more volume as ice, crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice ih at 0c is approximately 0.9167 g/cm^3, versus liquid water at 0c at approximately 0.9998 g/cm^3, i.e. ice occupies about 9% more volume than the liquid water it formed from, crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice ih at 0c is ~0.9167 g/cm^3 versus liquid water at 0c ~0.9998 g/cm^3, a ~9% volume increase upon freezing, crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice ih at 0c is ~0.9167 g/cm^3 versus liquid water at 0c ~0.9998 g/cm^3, a ~9% volume increase upon freezing., crc handbook of chemistry and physics: ice has a lower density (~0.917 g/cm3) than liquid water (~1.000 g/cm3) at 0c, so a given mass of water occupies a greater volume as ice, i.e. water expands upon freezing, edu.rsc.org, en.wikipedia.org, gml.noaa.gov, iapws.org, nist / usgs: liquid water has a density of about 1.0 g/cm3 while ice ih has a density of about 0.92 g/cm3, so a fixed mass of water occupies roughly 9% more volume once frozen, nist chemistry webbook / crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of liquid water at 0c is approximately 0.9998 g/cm3, while density of ice ih at 0c is approximately 0.9167 g/cm3, showing water's volume increases (~9%) upon freezing, nist chemistry webbook / general physical chemistry reference: liquid water has a density of about 1.000 g/cm^3 at 0°c, while ice ih has a density of about 0.9167 g/cm^3 at 0°c, i.e. water increases in volume by roughly 9% upon freezing at standard pressure due to the open hydrogen-bonded hexagonal lattice structure of ice., nist chemistry webbook / general physical chemistry reference: liquid water's density is approximately 0.9998 g/cm^3 at 0c while ice ih is approximately 0.9167 g/cm^3, so a given mass of water occupies about 9% more volume upon freezing due to hydrogen-bonded hexagonal crystal lattice formation., nist chemistry webbook / general physical chemistry references: liquid water has a density of about 1.000 g/cm^3 at 4c, while ice ih has a density of about 0.9167 g/cm^3 at 0c, so water expands roughly 9% in volume upon freezing to ice ih at standard atmospheric pressure., nist chemistry webbook / standard physical chemistry references: liquid water at 0°c has a density of about 0.9998 g/cm^3, while ice ih at 0°c has a density of about 0.9167 g/cm^3, a roughly 9% volume increase upon freezing., nist water structure and properties: water's solid phase (ice) is less dense than its liquid phase because hydrogen bonding forms an open hexagonal lattice on freezing, so water expands by about 9% in volume upon freezing at standard pressure., nist/codata and general physical chemistry references: liquid water at 0°c has density ~0.9998 g/cm^3, while ice ih at 0°c has density ~0.9167 g/cm^3, so a given mass of water occupies about 9% more volume upon freezing into ordinary ice., nist/codata physical property references and standard physics/chemistry textbooks (e.g. density of ice ih ~0.9167 g/cm^3 vs liquid water at 0c ~0.9998 g/cm^3), consistent with usgs water science school, nist/general physical chemistry: water is anomalous among common substances in that its solid phase (ice ih) has a lower density than its liquid phase near 0°c, so water expands by about 9% in volume upon freezing at standard atmospheric pressure., nist/general physics reference: water is anomalous among common substances in that its solid phase (ice) is less dense than its liquid phase, so its volume increases by about 9% upon freezing at standard pressure., nist/usgs physical chemistry references: ice has lower density (~0.917 g/cm3) than liquid water (~1.0 g/cm3) at 0c, confirming water expands roughly 9% in volume upon freezing, nist/usgs: water is one of the few substances whose solid phase (ice) is less dense than its liquid phase, so its volume increases by about 9% upon freezing at standard pressure., noaa national weather service, jetstream: the water cycle / physical properties of water — water is one of the few substances that expands (decreases in density) upon freezing at standard atmospheric pressure, which is why ice floats., physical constant: ice has a lower density (~0.9167 g/cm^3) than liquid water at 0c (~0.9998 g/cm^3), per crc handbook of chemistry and physics, so water expands by about 9% in volume when it freezes into ice., pubs.usgs.gov, usgs water science school - water density (https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/water-density): freezing decreases density by about 9 percent, i.e. water expands when it freezes., usgs water science school, "water density" (water.usgs.gov): water is unusual in that its solid form (ice) is less dense than its liquid form, so water expands by about 9% in volume as it freezes., usgs water science school, "water density" (water.usgs.gov/edu/density.html): water is one of the few substances whose solid form (ice) is less dense than its liquid form, because it expands by about 9% in volume upon freezing, due to the hydrogen-bonded hexagonal lattice structure of ice ih., usgs water science school, 'water density' (https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/water-density) — states ice is about 9% less dense than liquid water, so water expands roughly 9% by volume when it freezes, usgs water science school, 'water density' (water.usgs.gov): ice is about 9% less dense than liquid water, so water expands roughly 9% in volume when it freezes, usgs water science school, 'water density' (water.usgs.gov): water is one of the few substances whose solid form (ice) is less dense than its liquid form because it expands roughly 9% in volume upon freezing at 0°c/32°f under standard atmospheric pressure, usgs water science school, 'water density' (water.usgs.gov/edu/density.html): water is one of the few substances that expands (its density decreases) as it freezes into ice, which is why ice floats., usgs water science school, 'water density' (water.usgs.gov/edu/density.html): water is one of the few substances whose solid form (ice) is less dense than its liquid form, i.e. water expands by about 9% in volume upon freezing into ice., usgs water science school: 'water is one of the few substances... that becomes less dense as it freezes... water expands about 9% by volume as it freezes.', well-established physical chemistry fact: the density anomaly of water, whereby ice ih is less dense than liquid water near 0°c (ice density ~0.917 g/cm^3 vs liquid water ~1.000 g/cm^3), causing volume expansion of roughly 9% upon freezing at standard pressure (usgs water science school; standard physics/chemistry textbooks)., www.fhwa.dot.gov, www.iapws.org, www.usgs.gov
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#1581trueNIST Chemistry WebBook / standard physical chemistry references: liquid water at 0°C has a density of about 0.9998 g/cm^3, while ice Ih at 0°C has a density of about 0.9167 g/cm^3, a roughly 9% volume increase upon freezing.
#293trueCRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: density of ice Ih at 0C is ~0.9167 g/cm^3 versus liquid water at 0C ~0.9998 g/cm^3, a ~9% volume increase upon freezing.
#480truefrom gml.noaa.gov
#1518truefrom www.usgs.gov
#1844truefrom www.usgs.gov70 more
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