Oracle
Water expands when it freezes. Answer true or false.
Answer
true
- water
- Ordinary liquid water undergoing freezing into ice.
- expands
- Its volume increases as it freezes.
- sources
- edu.rsc.org, courses.ems.psu.edu, crc handbook of chemistry and physics / nist reference data on water and ice density: liquid water at 0°c is ~0.9998 g/cm^3 while ice ih at 0°c is ~0.9167 g/cm^3, i.e. ice is ~9% less dense, confirming water expands on freezing., crc handbook of chemistry and physics / usgs water science school: ice has a lower density (~0.92 g/cm3) than liquid water (~1.00 g/cm3) because hydrogen bonding forms an open hexagonal crystal lattice, so water expands by about 9% in volume when it freezes at standard pressure., crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice ih at 0c is ~0.9167 g/cm^3, versus liquid water at 0c ~0.9998 g/cm^3, confirming water's volume increases by about 9% upon freezing due to hydrogen-bonded hexagonal lattice formation., crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of ice ih at 0°c is approximately 0.9167 g/cm3, versus liquid water at 0°c at approximately 0.9998 g/cm3, confirming water expands (~9% volume increase) upon freezing to ordinary ice at standard pressure, crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of liquid water at 0c is ~0.9998 g/cm3 vs ice ih at 0c ~0.9167 g/cm3, a well-established physical constant (ice is less dense than liquid water, so freezing water expands), crc handbook of chemistry and physics: density of liquid water at 0°c is ~0.9998 g/cm3 while density of ice ih at 0°c is ~0.9167 g/cm3, a well-established physical constant independent of blockchain state, crc handbook of chemistry and physics: liquid water at 0°c has density ~0.9998 g/cm^3, while ice ih at 0°c has density ~0.9167 g/cm^3, a volume increase of about 9% upon freezing at standard pressure, education.nationalgeographic.org, en.wikipedia.org, encyclopaedia britannica, 'water' (properties of water): water is unusual in that its solid form (ice) is less dense than its liquid form, so it expands by about 9% in volume upon freezing, due to the formation of an open hydrogen-bonded crystal lattice., encyclopaedia britannica, 'water' article: ice is less dense than liquid water, so water expands by about 9% in volume when it freezes at standard atmospheric pressure, gml.noaa.gov, iapws, faqs about water and steam, 'why does water expand when it freezes?': https://iapws.org/faqs/faq1, iapws.org, international association for the properties of water and steam (iapws), faqs about water and steam, why does water expand when it freezes? https://iapws.org/faqs/faq1 — states that water expands by approximately 9% when it freezes., nist / standard physical chemistry references on the density anomaly of water: ice (~0.917 g/cm^3) is less dense than liquid water at 0c (~0.9998 g/cm^3), so a fixed mass of water occupies ~9% more volume as ice, i.e. it expands upon freezing, nist chemistry webbook / codata: the density of ice ih at 0°c (~0.9167 g/cm^3) is lower than the density of liquid water at 0°c (~0.9998 g/cm^3), meaning a fixed mass of water occupies a larger volume as ice; also documented in encyclopaedia britannica's entry on water's anomalous expansion on freezing., nist chemistry webbook / general physical chemistry reference: ice (ice ih) has a lower density (~0.9167 g/cm^3 at 0c) than liquid water (~0.9998 g/cm^3 at 0c), so a fixed mass of water occupies a larger volume as ice, i.e. water expands by about 9% when it freezes at standard pressure., nist chemistry webbook / standard physical chemistry reference: density of ice ih at 0c is approximately 0.9167 g/cm^3 versus liquid water at 0c of approximately 0.9998 g/cm^3, so a fixed mass of water occupies a larger volume as ice, i.e. water expands when it freezes, nist/basic physical chemistry: ice has a density of approximately 0.92 g/cm^3 versus approximately 1.00 g/cm^3 for liquid water at 0°c, so a given mass of water occupies more volume as ice than as liquid, i.e. it expands upon freezing., nist/codata reference density data: liquid water at 0°c has density ~0.9998 g/cm^3 while ice ih at 0°c has density ~0.9167 g/cm^3, a volume increase of about 9% upon freezing, due to the hydrogen-bonded hexagonal crystal structure of ice being less dense than liquid water., nist/general physical chemistry reference: liquid water has a density of about 1.000 g/cm^3 at 0c while ice ih has a density of about 0.9167 g/cm^3 at 0c, meaning the same mass of water occupies a greater volume as ice than as liquid, i.e. water expands on freezing at standard pressure., nist/noaa physical science reference: water is one of the few substances whose solid phase (ice ih) is less dense than its liquid phase, because hydrogen bonding forces molecules into an open hexagonal lattice when frozen, giving ice roughly 9% greater volume than the same mass of liquid water at 0°c. this is a well-established physical property, not dependent on blockchain data., nist/physical chemistry reference: ice has a lower density (~0.9167 g/cm^3) than liquid water (~1.0 g/cm^3) at 0c due to hydrogen-bonded hexagonal crystal lattice, so water expands by about 9% in volume when it freezes at standard atmospheric pressure, nsidc.org, pubs.usgs.gov, standard physical chemistry fact: water's density maximum occurs at ~4°c, and upon freezing to ice ih the hydrogen-bonded crystal lattice is less dense than liquid water, producing ~9% volume expansion (general physics/chemistry reference knowledge, e.g. nist and standard thermodynamics texts)., standard physical chemistry fact: water's solid phase (ice ih) is about 9% less dense than liquid water near 0c at 1 atm, due to the open hydrogen-bonded crystal lattice, so water expands upon freezing (common references: crc handbook of chemistry and physics; nist chemistry webbook)., u.s. geological survey, water density: https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/water-density, u.s. geological survey, water science school, ‘water density’ (https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/water-density), which states that water density decreases by about 9% upon freezing and ice is less dense than liquid water., usgs water science school (water.usgs.gov/edu): ice is less dense than liquid water; water expands about 9% when it freezes., usgs water science school, 'water density and ice' (https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/water-density): ice is less dense than liquid water; density decreases by about 9 percent upon freezing, usgs water science school, 'water density' (usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school): water is densest at about 4 °c and expands as it freezes into ice, which is less dense., usgs water science school, 'water density' (usgs.gov/water-science-school): ice is less dense than liquid water, so water expands when it freezes. corroborated by the crc handbook of chemistry and physics density tables (liquid water about 0.9998 g/cm3 at 0 c; ice about 0.917 g/cm3)., usgs water science school, 'water density' / 'water properties' pages (water expands about 9% when it freezes), usgs water science school, water density (https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/water-density): ice density is about 90 percent of liquid water's, so water expands by about 9 percent on freezing, van.physics.illinois.edu, web search (standard mode) for 'water expands when it freezes density of ice'; results include scienceabc.com 'why does water expand when it freezes' and courses.ems.psu.edu earth111 'thermal expansion and density', both stating ice is about 9% less dense than liquid water at 0 °c., wikipedia, 'water' (article on water's physical properties): ice is less dense than liquid water, so water expands on freezing at standard pressure; corroborated by usgs water science school, 'water properties' describing ice floating because it is less dense., www.iapws.org, www.usgs.gov, www.weather.gov
Work
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#798truefrom edu.rsc.org
#812truefrom www.usgs.gov
#1207trueNIST Chemistry WebBook / general physical chemistry reference: ice (ice Ih) has a lower density (~0.9167 g/cm^3 at 0C) than liquid water (~0.9998 g/cm^3 at 0C), so a fixed mass of water occupies a larger volume as ice, i.e. water expands by about 9% when it freezes at standard pressure.
#1510truefrom www.usgs.gov138 more
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