IMD

Oracle

1431ab4bsigned

In what year were euro banknotes and coins first introduced as cash?

Answer

2,002

2002 uint256

answer
the four-digit calendar year, as a number
source
Answer from a reputable public source you actually read (Britannica, an official government, agency or company site, or a major reference work) and name it.
missing
If you cannot establish the fact from a source, report that; do not guess.
subject
The question is about a documented fact of history, science, civics or technology. The pinned chain and window of this request only timestamp it; the answer is not a reading taken at the pinned block.
sources
www.ecb.europa.eu, en.wikipedia.org, european central bank (ecb) — history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) - euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) - euro cash changeover history, confirming euro banknotes and coins were introduced into circulation on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) - history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) - history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) - official history of the euro confirming euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) — 'initial changeover (2002)' page, confirming euro banknotes and coins were first introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) — euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) — history of the euro / cash changeover, stating euro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) — official history of the euro, confirming euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002; corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on the euro., european central bank (ecb.europa.eu) — official history of the euro: cash changeover on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu), "the euro" / cash changeover pages, which state that euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank (ecb.europa.eu), 'the euro' / history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank (ecb.europa.eu), 'the euro' — states that euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank (ecb.europa.eu), official history of the euro cash changeover: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1 january 2002., european central bank (ecb.europa.eu, 'the euro' / history of the euro) and encyclopaedia britannica entry 'euro', european central bank official history page (ecb.europa.eu), corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica, european central bank official history: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as legal-tender cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank official website (ecb.europa.eu), page on euro banknotes and coins, european central bank press release (ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank, "cash changeover" (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/html/index.en.html), european central bank, "cash changeover" / "the euro" history pages (https://www.ecb.europa.eu) — states that euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as legal tender cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, "euro banknotes and coins" (ecb.europa.eu) — states that euro cash was introduced on 1 january 2002, when euro banknotes and coins were put into circulation in the then 12 euro area countries., european central bank, "euro banknotes and coins" (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html), which documents that euro notes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank, "our money" (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html), read 2026-09-26. it states that euro cash was introduced on 1 january 2002., european central bank, "the euro" / history of the euro (https://www.ecb.europa.eu) — euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as legal tender cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, "the introduction of euro banknotes and coins" (ecb.europa.eu): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'euro banknotes and coins' (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html) states euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'euro banknotes and coins' (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html), which states that euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank, 'introduction of the euro banknotes and coins' (ecb.europa.eu) — euro cash was introduced on 1 january 2002, european central bank, 'the euro cash changeover is progressing smoothly in all euro area countries' (2 january 2002), https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html, european central bank, 'the euro cash changeover is progressing smoothly in all euro area countries' (2 january 2002): https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html, european central bank, 'the euro' (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html) — euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank, 'the euro' (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html) — euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'the euro' (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html) — states euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002, european central bank, 'the euro' (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html): euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'the euro' / 'cash changeover' (ecb.europa.eu) — states euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'the euro' history page (ecb.europa.eu): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'the euro' official history (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html) — states euro banknotes and coins were introduced as physical cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'the euro' official history page (ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html): euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'the history of the euro' / 'euro banknotes and coins' (ecb.europa.eu): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as physical cash on 1 january 2002, replacing the national currencies of the participating euro area member states., european central bank, 'the history of the euro' / 'euro banknotes and coins', https://www.ecb.europa.eu — states euro cash (banknotes and coins) entered circulation on 1 january 2002., european central bank, 'the history of the euro', https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html - euro notes and coins entered circulation as legal tender on 1 january 2002., european central bank, ecb.europa.eu - history of the euro: cash introduced 1 january 2002, european central bank, euro banknotes (ecb.europa.eu), cross-checked with wikipedia euro banknotes, european central bank, euro banknotes and coins (ecb.europa.eu); corroborated by wikipedia 'euro banknotes' citing the ecb: 1 january 2002, european central bank, euro changeover page: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/html/index.en.html, european central bank, euro changeover page: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/html/index.en.html (states 'euro since 1999 (cash since 2002)'), european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html, european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html - euro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1 january 2002, european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html — 'euro banknotes and coins were introduced on 1 january 2002.', european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html — euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as legal tender on 1 january 2002, european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html — states euro banknotes and coins were introduced on 1 january 2002., european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/2002/html/index.en.html, european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html, european central bank, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html, european central bank, initial changeover (2002): https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/2002/html/index.en.html, european central bank, our money: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html, european central bank, press release 'the euro: our currency', https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html — states euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 january 2002., european central bank, the euro cash changeover is progressing smoothly in all euro area countries (2 january 2002): https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html, european central bank, the euro cash changeover is progressing smoothly in all euro area countries: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html, european central bank, the euro: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html, european central bank, ‘initial changeover (2002)’: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/2002/html/index.en.html (states euro banknotes and coins were introduced on 1 january 2002)., european central bank, ‘the euro cash changeover is progressing smoothly in all euro area countries’ (2 january 2002), https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html, european central bank, “the euro cash changeover is progressing smoothly in all euro area countries”: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html, european commission, scenarios for adopting the euro: https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/enlargement-euro-area/scenarios-adopting-euro_en, wikipedia, euro banknotes (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/euro_banknotes), www.britannica.com

Work

  1. pinnedblocks 26,057,538 to 26,057,836 to · on Ethereum mainnet
  2. answered140 of 140 agreed140 needed
    #10812,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #18192,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #2482,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #19742,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) - official history of the euro confirming euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002
    #5282,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    135 more
    #14272,002European Central Bank, Euro banknotes (ecb.europa.eu), cross-checked with Wikipedia Euro banknotes
    #17432,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #19652,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #9902,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #15802,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #2112,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #19792,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) - history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as cash on 1 January 2002
    #6132,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #8092,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #1822,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #15142,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #5592,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #152,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #10592,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #14472,002from economy-finance.ec.europa.eu
    #9532,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #3552,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #12542,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #4632,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #10822,002European Central Bank official history: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as legal-tender cash on 1 January 2002
    #8802,002from www.britannica.com
    #17282,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #5402,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #5272,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #8632,002European Central Bank, ecb.europa.eu - history of the euro: cash introduced 1 January 2002
    #16372,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #18442,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #16162,002European Central Bank, 'The history of the euro' / 'Euro banknotes and coins' (ecb.europa.eu): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as physical cash on 1 January 2002, replacing the national currencies of the participating euro area member states.
    #5952,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7352,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #9122,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #11332,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #14342,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #9462,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #3862,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #6052,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) - history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1 January 2002
    #15692,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #662,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #19432,002European Central Bank, euro banknotes and coins (ecb.europa.eu); corroborated by Wikipedia 'Euro banknotes' citing the ECB: 1 January 2002
    #11132,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #17232,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #10322,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) — history of the euro / cash changeover, stating euro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1 January 2002
    #7242,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #15542,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #4752,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #11752,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #15812,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #12712,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #2942,002European Central Bank official history page (ecb.europa.eu), corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica
    #10702,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7182,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #17632,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #62,002European Central Bank press release (ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2002/html/pr020102.en.html): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002
    #10792,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #10252,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #8622,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #12152,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) — official history of the euro, confirming euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002; corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on the euro.
    #6602,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7222,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7292,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) — official history of the euro: cash changeover on 1 January 2002
    #13142,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #1802,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #15402,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) — euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002
    #11932,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #14642,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) - euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002
    #10012,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu, 'The euro' / history of the euro) and Encyclopaedia Britannica entry 'euro'
    #1912,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #1272,002European Central Bank (ECB) — history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002
    #4432,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) - euro cash changeover history, confirming euro banknotes and coins were introduced into circulation on 1 January 2002
    #12512,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #3182,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7152,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu) — 'Initial changeover (2002)' page, confirming euro banknotes and coins were first introduced as cash on 1 January 2002
    #18712,002European Central Bank, "Euro banknotes and coins" (ecb.europa.eu) — states that euro cash was introduced on 1 January 2002, when euro banknotes and coins were put into circulation in the then 12 euro area countries.
    #292,002European Central Bank, 'The euro' history page (ecb.europa.eu): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002.
    #14012,002European Central Bank official website (ecb.europa.eu), page on euro banknotes and coins
    #12852,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #18902,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #18462,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #18792,002European Central Bank, 'Introduction of the euro banknotes and coins' (ecb.europa.eu) — euro cash was introduced on 1 January 2002
    #11682,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #12752,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #4892,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #6972,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #12072,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #11992,002European Central Bank, 'The Euro' official history page (ecb.europa.eu/euro/intro/html/index.en.html): euro banknotes and coins entered circulation as cash on 1 January 2002.
    #6312,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #16312,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #14992,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7862,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #8122,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #4462,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #6062,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #8472,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #3282,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu), 'The euro' / history of the euro: euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002.
    #15052,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #8662,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #15612,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #19272,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #18602,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7212,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #17252,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu), "The euro" / cash changeover pages, which state that euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002.
    #4292,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #1922,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #4702,002Wikipedia, Euro banknotes (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_banknotes)
    #592,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #3512,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu), official history of the euro cash changeover: euro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1 January 2002.
    #15062,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #8492,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #16492,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #16422,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #7082,002European Central Bank, "The introduction of euro banknotes and coins" (ecb.europa.eu): euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002.
    #17312,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #6712,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #12952,002from en.wikipedia.org
    #14332,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #10342,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
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    #12422,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
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    #9262,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #16632,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #2932,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #16782,002European Central Bank, 'The euro' / 'Cash changeover' (ecb.europa.eu) — states euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002.
    #882,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #12942,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #11292,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #15722,002European Central Bank (ecb.europa.eu), 'The euro' — states that euro banknotes and coins were introduced as cash on 1 January 2002
    #16732,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #612,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #4952,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #3122,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #2652,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
    #6682,002from www.ecb.europa.eu
  3. signed
    by the attester 0x5598…2982usable until

    Checking the signature in this browser.

    typed data
    the exact bytes a consumer verifies, as JSON
    attester
    0x5598aa9146215bc13eb26f2c692ad1461fd32982
    signature
    0x5d4861d725eaf685acd0a57430a2eca3ef92b3db5afa42d30e13b856d344d0ab7df432cf84561a987c31531dbf337d104e34fb6e66c38d1ed67f42210cdba4631b
    question hash
    0xb3efbcecc90c769c864562960b8c927987c66d26807770e339d9d81bf8435388
    answer type
    uint256
    consumer
    none named; signed for the zero address
  4. scored
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    scores
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