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Photons have zero rest mass. Answer true or false.

Answer

true
restMass
invariant mass of the photon in the Standard Model, as opposed to relativistic/kinetic mass
sources
, cern open data portal, photon: https://opendata.cern.ch/glossary/photon, cms.cern, codata/nist fundamental physical constants (physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/value?mpc2) lists the photon rest mass as exactly 0, and the particle data group (pdg.lbl.gov) review of particle physics gives the photon's mass upper limit consistent with the standard model prediction of an exactly massless photon, codata/nist: the photon is the massless (zero rest mass) gauge boson of the electromagnetic field, per the standard model of particle physics, cosmicopia.gsfc.nasa.gov, einstein.stanford.edu, en.wikipedia.org, farside.ph.utexas.edu, goldbook.iupac.org, home.cern, imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov, nasa cosmicopia, general physics basics, q&a on light's rest mass (https://cosmicopia.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_gp_b.html); openstax university physics volume 3, section 6.3 (https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/6-3-the-compton-effect), nasa cosmicopia, general physics basics: https://cosmicopia.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_gp_b.html, nist codata / particle data group: the photon is listed with an experimentally consistent rest mass of zero, and special relativity's energy-momentum relation e=pc for photons requires m=0, nist/codata standard model: the photon is the massless gauge boson of the electromagnetic field, with rest (invariant) mass of exactly zero, opendata.cern.ch, openstax, university physics volume 3, §5.9 relativistic energy: https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/5-9-relativistic-energy, openstax, university physics volume 3, §6.3 the compton effect: https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/6-3-the-compton-effect, openstax.org, oyc.yale.edu, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, 2024, photon listing: mass limit consistent with zero (m_gamma < 1e-18 ev), and the standard model treats the photon as an exactly massless gauge boson, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (experimental upper limit consistent with exactly zero), consistent with maxwell's equations and special relativity requiring massless photons to travel at c, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (upper experimental limit consistent with zero, m_gamma < 1e-18 ev), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (upper limit < 1e-18 ev), consistent with standard model electrodynamics requiring a massless gauge boson for the unbroken u(1) electromagnetic symmetry., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (upper limit < 1e-18 ev), consistent with the standard model treatment of the photon as the massless gauge boson of qed, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (upper limit consistent with zero), consistent with standard model electrodynamics where the photon is a massless gauge boson., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (with experimental upper bound < 1e-18 ev consistent with exactly zero per the standard model), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass m < 1e-18 ev, consistent with exactly zero rest mass as required by u(1) gauge invariance of qed (pdg.lbl.gov), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass m < 1e-18 ev, consistent with the standard model prediction of exactly zero rest mass, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs boson summary table: photon mass m < 1e-18 ev, consistent with zero, and the standard model treats the photon as an exactly massless gauge boson of unbroken u(1) electromagnetism, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge boson listings: photon mass is consistent with zero (upper limit ~1e-18 ev), i.e. the photon is a massless gauge boson mediating the electromagnetic force, per maxwell's equations / qed where the photon field is massless, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge boson listings: the photon is listed with a rest mass of 0 (upper limit consistent with zero), consistent with photons being the massless gauge boson of quantum electrodynamics., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (theoretical value assuming exact u(1) gauge invariance), consistent with standard model electrodynamics, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, gauge boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (upper limit consistent with zero), consistent with the photon being the massless gauge boson of unbroken u(1) electromagnetic gauge symmetry, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon listing: mass = 0 (experimental upper limit consistent with exactly zero); standard model treats the photon as an exactly massless gauge boson, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon listing: mass = 0 (upper limit < 1e-18 ev), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon properties summary table, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon properties table, lists the photon rest mass as 0 (upper bound consistent with zero), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon rest mass listed as 0 (experimental upper limit consistent with zero); standard model of particle physics classifies the photon as a massless gauge boson., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table, which lists the photon mass as consistent with 0 (experimental upper bound < 1e-18 ev), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: m(photon) < 1e-18 ev, consistent with exactly zero rest mass, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: mass upper limit consistent with zero; standard model treats the photon as an exactly massless gauge boson due to unbroken u(1) electromagnetic gauge symmetry, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass bound m_gamma < 1e-18 ev, consistent with the standard model prediction of exactly zero rest mass, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass limit consistent with zero, m_gamma < 1e-18 ev, standard model treats photon as exactly massless, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass limit m < 1e-18 ev, consistent with exactly zero rest mass as required by maxwell's equations/qed, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass limit m_gamma < 1e-18 ev, consistent with the standard model prediction of exactly zero rest mass, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (experimental upper bound < 1e-18 ev), consistent with the standard model treatment of the photon as a massless gauge boson., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (experimental upper limit consistent with exactly zero in the standard model), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (experimental upper limit consistent with exactly zero); standard qed theory treats the photon as massless., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (upper limit consistent with zero, m<1e-18 ev, treated as exactly zero in the standard model), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass listed as 0, consistent with standard model electrodynamics requiring an exactly massless gauge boson for the photon, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass m < 1e-18 ev, consistent with an exact value of zero as required by the standard model's unbroken u(1) gauge symmetry, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass m < 1e-18 ev, consistent with zero, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon mass upper limit consistent with zero rest mass, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, photon summary table: photon rest mass upper limit consistent with zero, treated as exactly zero in the standard model of qed, pdg.lbl.gov, science.nasa.gov, standard model of particle physics (e.g. particle data group summary tables): the photon is the massless gauge boson of the electromagnetic force, with rest mass = 0., standard model of particle physics (qed): the photon is the massless gauge boson of the electromagnetic field; codata/particle data group list the photon rest mass as exactly 0, standard model of particle physics / codata: the photon is the massless gauge boson of the electromagnetic field, with rest mass defined as exactly zero (experimental upper bounds are consistent with zero, e.g. particle data group photon mass limit < 1e-18 ev), standard model of particle physics / special relativity: the photon is the massless gauge boson of the electromagnetic field; experimental upper bounds on photon rest mass (particle data group) are consistent with exactly zero., standard model of particle physics / special relativity: the photon is the massless gauge boson of the electromagnetic force; its energy-momentum relation e = pc (with m = 0) is confirmed by countless experiments and is standard content in physics references such as the particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, which lists the photon mass as 0 (with experimental upper bounds consistent with zero)., standard model of particle physics: the photon is the massless gauge boson of the electromagnetic field (u(1) gauge symmetry requires the photon's rest/invariant mass to be exactly zero); nist/codata and particle data group list the photon rest mass as 0 (upper experimental bound consistent with zero)., stanford gravity probe b, relativity q&a q1188 (https://einstein.stanford.edu/content/relativity/q1188.html); openstax university physics vol. 3, §6.3 (https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/6-3-the-compton-effect)., stanford gravity probe b, relativity q&a: https://einstein.stanford.edu/content/relativity/q2361.html, www.energy.gov, www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu

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  2. answered218 of 218 agreed210 needed
    #1530trueParticle Data Group (PDG) Review of Particle Physics, photon properties summary table
    #1975truefrom imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov
    #835truefrom openstax.org
    #1784truefrom einstein.stanford.edu
    #1042trueParticle Data Group (PDG) Review of Particle Physics, gauge boson summary table: photon mass listed as 0 (theoretical value assuming exact U(1) gauge invariance), consistent with Standard Model electrodynamics
    213 more
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