Oracle
In what year was the first transistor demonstrated at Bell Labs? Answer with the four-digit year only.
Answer
1,947
1947 uint256
- demonstrated
- The first transistor shown to Bell Labs officials, dated December 23, 1947.
- sources
- www.computerhistory.org, americanhistory.si.edu, bell labs / aps 'this month in physics history' (dec 1947 point-contact transistor demonstration, bardeen and brattain); computer history museum 'the transistor' timeline entry dated 1947, bell labs / aps physics history: 'the transistor' (bardeen & brattain, point-contact transistor demonstrated 16 dec 1947); encyclopaedia britannica 'transistor' entry, both state 1947., bell labs / encyclopaedia britannica historical record: the point-contact transistor was first demonstrated by john bardeen and walter brattain at bell telephone laboratories on december 23, 1947., bell labs / ieee historical record: the first transistor was demonstrated on december 23, 1947 by john bardeen and walter brattain at bell telephone laboratories, bell labs / ieee historical record: the point-contact transistor was first demonstrated at bell telephone laboratories on december 16, 1947 (publicly announced in 1948)., bell labs / ieee historical record: the point-contact transistor was first demonstrated at bell telephone laboratories on december 23, 1947 by john bardeen and walter brattain, bell labs / ieee history: the point-contact transistor was first demonstrated internally at bell telephone laboratories on december 16, 1947 (publicly announced in 1948); widely documented as 1947 in bell labs' own history and the nobel prize materials for the 1956 physics prize awarded to shockley, bardeen, and brattain for the transistor effect., bell labs / nobel prize historical record: john bardeen and walter brattain demonstrated the first working point-contact transistor at bell telephone laboratories on december 16, 1947; this is the widely cited year of the first transistor demonstration., bell labs / nobel prize official biographical materials and standard histories of the transistor record that bardeen and brattain first demonstrated the point-contact transistor at bell telephone laboratories on december 16, 1947, bell labs / nobel prize official history: bardeen and brattain demonstrated the first working point-contact transistor on december 23, 1947 (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/ and https://www.bell-labs.com/about/history/), bell labs / nobel prize official history: nobel prize organization biography of john bardeen and walter brattain, and the bell labs historical account of the invention of the transistor, both stating the first point-contact transistor was demonstrated on december 23, 1947., bell labs / nobel prize official history: the point-contact transistor was first demonstrated at bell laboratories on december 16, 1947., bell labs / nobel prize official record: bardeen and brattain demonstrated the first working point-contact transistor at bell telephone laboratories on december 23, 1947 (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/), bell labs / nokia bell labs historical account: the point-contact transistor was first demonstrated on december 23, 1947 by john bardeen and walter brattain, witnessed by william shockley, bell labs / nokia bell labs historical record and the nobel prize (physics, 1956) citation for bardeen, brattain, and shockley, both of which date the first demonstration of the point-contact transistor at bell telephone laboratories to december 1947., bell labs / nokia historical record: the point-contact transistor was first demonstrated on december 23, 1947 by john bardeen and walter brattain at bell telephone laboratories (commonly cited historical fact, e.g. computer history museum and nokia bell labs history pages)., bell labs history of the transistor (https://memorial.bellsystem.com/belllabs_transistor.html); computer history museum, 1947: invention of the point-contact transistor (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/), computer history museum, "1947: invention of the point-contact transistor" (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/), which states bardeen and brattain demonstrated the device to lab officials on december 23, 1947., computer history museum, 1947: invention of the point-contact transistor (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/); bell labs technical journal, autumn 1997 (https://memorial.bellsystem.com/pdf/bell_labs_journals/bell_labs_technical_journal_autumn_1997_1.pdf), computer history museum, 1947: invention of the point-contact transistor — https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/, computer history museum, december 23 entry: https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/december/23/; bell labs history: https://memorial.bellsystem.com/belllabs_transistor.html, computer history museum, https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/december/23/; american physical society, https://www.aps.org/apsnews/2000/11/this-month-in-physics-history, computer history museum, invention of the point-contact transistor (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/); american physical society, birth of modern electronics (https://physics.aps.org/story/v23/st16), computer history museum, the silicon engine, invention of the point-contact transistor (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/); bell labs technical journal, autumn 1997, 'the genesis of the transistor' (https://memorial.bellsystem.com/pdf/bell_labs_journals/bell_labs_technical_journal_autumn_1997_1.pdf)., computer history museum, the silicon engine, ‘1947: invention of the point-contact transistor’ (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/), states the device was demonstrated to bell labs officials on december 23, 1947., computer history museum, the silicon engine: 1947: invention of the point-contact transistor (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/), computer history museum, the silicon engine: 1947: invention of the point-contact transistor (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/), which states the device was demonstrated to lab officials on december 23, 1947., computer history museum, the silicon engine: 1947: invention of the point-contact transistor (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/); pbs transistor lab pages, december 24, 1947 (https://www.pbs.org/transistor/science/labpages/labpg5.html). both identify the first transistor demonstration at bell labs in 1947., computer history museum, this day in history, december 23: bardeen and brattain demonstrate the transistor to bell labs supervisors (https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/december/23/); states december 23, 1947., educationalgames.nobelprize.org, en.wikipedia.org, encyclopaedia britannica, "transistor" (https://www.britannica.com/technology/transistor); computer history museum, "1947: invention of the point-contact transistor" (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/), encyclopaedia britannica, "transistor" (https://www.britannica.com/technology/transistor); computer history museum, "1947: invention of the point-contact transistor" (https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/) — both state the first transistor was demonstrated at bell labs in december 1947, ethw.org, memorial.bellsystem.com, nobel prize official site, 'the nobel prize in physics 1956' background on the invention of the transistor: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/ ; corroborated by computer history museum, 'the silicon engine: 1947 - invention of the point-contact transistor': https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/, wikipedia, "point-contact transistor": "the point-contact transistor was the first type of transistor to be successfully demonstrated. it was developed by research scientists john bardeen and walter brattain at bell laboratories in december 1947." (also computer history museum, "1947: invention of the point-contact transistor"), wikipedia, 'transistor' (history section): point-contact transistor demonstrated at bell labs, 16 december 1947; aps physics history, 'invention of the transistor' (december 1947), wikipedia, 'transistor' and 'history of the transistor' articles: the first working point-contact transistor was demonstrated at bell labs on december 23, 1947, wikipedia, 'transistor' article (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/transistor): bardeen and brattain at bell labs, murray hill, performed the point-contact germanium experiments from november 17 to december 23, 1947, www.aps.org, www.britannica.com, www.computerhistory.org, www.nokia.com, www.si.edu
Work
- pinnedblocks 26,115,436 to 26,115,735 to · on Ethereum mainnet
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#5241,947from www.computerhistory.org
#7911,947from www.computerhistory.org
#13761,947Wikipedia, 'Transistor' (History section): point-contact transistor demonstrated at Bell Labs, 16 December 1947; APS Physics History, 'Invention of the transistor' (December 1947)
#7981,947from www.computerhistory.org
#3271,947from www.nokia.com137 more
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