Take this network from 3rd to 1st on Paradigm's Prediction Market challenge, without every seat polishing the same design.

The challenge (https://www.paradigm.xyz/puzzles/prediction-market-challenge): a Python class quotes passive limit orders on one simulated binary market and is scored by its mean edge over 200 simulations. Simulator and rules: https://github.com/danrobinson/prediction-market-challenge (docs/orderbook_prediction_market_challenge.md).

Where it stands on 2026-11-05. This network is 3rd of 186 at 104.84 with wave 2's best strategy, the base. On Paradigm's runs it earns 128.63 a run from retail and loses 23.79 to the arbitrageur. First is 109.59 (130.77 and 21.18), second 109.43 (127.73 and 18.31): the gap is mostly arbitrage loss. Paradigm's 200 runs are not local seeds and nobody has identified them, so the target is the true mean on runs nobody tuned on. The base scores 102.33 on seeds 0 to 599, which it was tuned on, and 96.70 on a holdout.

Earlier results, each a public JSON file with "approach", "tried", "next" and "code". Gains are on one holdout, over the strategy the base grew from:

What wave 2 learned: the big gain was a new mechanism, found by two seats separately. Retuning constants alone gained 3.0 on its tuning seeds and 0.07 on unseen ones. --workers is refused on some machines, and --sandbox fails on Python 3.12 for every strategy. On Paradigm's runs the best 20 of 200 carry half of every top entry's score.

This wave has five lanes: combine the separate gains, deepen the base's idea, start fresh, take things away, and measure.

The fresh lane exists to find what everyone else missed. Its seats read none of the files above, and are not expected to beat the base alone: each is here for one mechanism the base lacks. Three moves are taken, and off limits to them until they graft: quoting one tick inside the competitor, tiny probe orders that locate the true probability, and buying YES cheaply near zero to sell to retail.

Results are ranked by holdout score and the best are entered on the public leaderboard, named for the seat that wrote them.

The answer

Prediction-market wave write-up

Cash planning leads the supplied common-holdout results; simplification is the strongest alternative. These are reported local experiments, not a demonstrated public-leaderboard win. This report uses the supplied merges without independently rerunning simulations or verifying external citations. Item names locate the supporting rows and findings in M1 and M2.

Base is the reproduction on seeds 0–599; evaluation total, retail and signed arbitrage edge are seeds 1000–1599; common holdout is seeds 30000–30599. Negative arbitrage edge means loss. Numeric spelling and differing base reproductions are preserved exactly; bytes are the merges' UTF-8 lengths of decoded strategy code. Comparable holdouts rank highest first. The final four rows are excluded from that ranking because of unsupported range labels, a different holdout range, or missing measurements. Unmeasured is not zero. Repeated unchanged-base controls are not independent holdout replications. M1; table and caveats M2; table and caveats

Item / sourceLane / directionBase reproduced1000–1599 totalRetail edgeArbitrage edgeHoldout totalCode bytes
combine-cash M1Combine / cover bank and cash reserve102.33197908899267109.27254289017199135.356137274445-26.08359438429033398.1241393373698314588
simplify M2Take away: remove secondary stock logic102.33197908899267109.05194228328166131.3166036311765-22.264661347906597.707635236383679972
arb-budget M2Deepen: allocate arbitrage-loss budget102.33197908899267108.34220065942017131.02646185504466-22.68426119561366597.4782485376123313941
combine-late-game M1Combine / late-game stock rules102.33197908899267109.29650163975117134.38229969436017-25.08579805462166697.402656862505513925
cross-anywhere M2Deepen: crossing stock beyond tick one102.33197908899267108.63974289615767136.2713209771645-27.6315780810193397.3276365011214239
demand-fit M1Deepen / censored retail-demand fit102.331987422326109.14949031033433134.9172763842037-25.76778607387416697.2307307556421737608
fresh-fingerprints M2Fresh: Bayesian demand → stock102.33197908899267107.7367374084125135.91459094566451-28.17785353726633396.9754995423748318314
near-tick M1Deepen / spread-1 near-tick rules102.33197908899267108.408889148626135.82225180532035-27.41336265670633396.7753783987685114743
wildcard-1 M2Wildcard: online retail-flow estimation102.33197908899267108.54841494177967136.43005690744866-27.88164196569850396.768374125768518417
combine-three M1Combine / belief, cash, two-cent102.331987422326108.54670913062401136.602853288088-28.05614415747366496.73974369296920236
combine-constants M1Combine / transfer constants102.33197908899267107.45204715775166135.97942233023198-28.5273751724941796.45813389851513882
fresh-free M2Fresh: queue search; final constant retune102.33197908899267109.02047643278917136.12585295838298-27.10537652560716696.394152604373514062
tick2-queue M1Deepen / tick-2 FIFO commitment102.33197908899267108.30384238668634136.78007252256066-28.47623013588716796.3320375222028414387
combine-overflow M1Combine / overflow and FIFO slices102.33197908899267108.42885016453633136.803363239503-28.3745130749803396.3237290802373316350
mid-jumps M1Deepen / asymmetric mid-price jump loss102.33197908899267108.00451371283867135.11283915310833-27.10832544030500296.1907860123066714745
fresh-rules-lawyer M2Fresh: fill rules → retail intensity102.33197908899267108.15649684917884134.35938878886-26.20289193970033396.1707809386168315999
combine-vote M1Combine / state-dependent adviser vote102.331987422326108.21374422633767136.147655910821-27.93391168449966696.0968610307763430537
fewer-cancels M2Take away: retain orders longer102.33197908899267108.6925430884395138.4792002400675-29.7866571516486796.09406902784116623
fresh-gifts M2Fresh: FIFO order chunks102.33197908899267108.11869389741317136.6937171020847-28.57502320470166596.0771331148646715225
fresh-time M2Fresh: acquired FIFO priority102.33197908899267107.2752344684335135.8212954705185-28.5460610020988396.0678558190673314313
true-mean M1Measure / independent true mean102.33197908899267107.2442092237515135.80165652288784-28.55744729915083496.040520326177513882
oracle-bound M1Measure / hidden-information value102.33197908899267107.2442092237515135.80165652288784-28.55744729915083496.040520326177513882
draw-variance M1Measure / draw variance102.33197908899267107.2442092237515135.80165652288784-28.55744729915083496.040520326177513882
ablation-map M1Remove & measure / component ablations102.33197908899267107.2442092237515135.80165652288784-28.55744729915083496.040520326177513882
fresh-literal M2Fresh: aged same-price queues102.33197908899267107.2442092237515135.80165652288784-28.55744729915083496.040520326177513882
fresh-opposite M2Fresh: one-sided asks, no YES buys102.33197908899267107.2442092237515135.80165652288784-28.55744729915083496.040520326177513882
combine-two-cent M1Combine / scarce-stock two-cent queue102.3319790889927107.47676082579723135.99677430634952-28.52001348056633496.0378216703932116523
combine-pair M1Combine / belief plus overflow102.33197908899267107.77941648794467137.01055490399065-29.23113841605900496.036804212829522855
drift-loss M2Deepen: drift margins and resizing102.3319790889927107.2457521863612135.80165652288818-28.55590433654196.0013903271062213882
confidence-gate M2Deepen: pause after belief shocks102.33197908899267107.45298269594832135.54694126664617-28.093958570713595.7459680310386714473
combine-all M1Combine / sequential six-way graft102.331987422326108.82311690588183137.79040742643517-28.96729052056595.684129219178515867
leaders-gap M1Measure & modify / stock-overpayment gate102.33197908899267108.02413592598784131.2171054050378-23.19296947906766795.52482509374113988
rich-runs M2Measure: richest-run ask capacity102.33197908899267107.74822700668217136.403923077077-28.65569607041200295.5071036848761714002
tick1-jump-cost M1Deepen / tick-1 jump exposure102.331987422326107.83578651840733135.61937036092417-27.7835838425308395.5020942916328314401
combine-belief M1Combine / latent belief102.331987422326107.7287098973095134.15892612772782-26.43021623041466594.9805827650193417022
no-probes M2Take away: remove probes102.3319790889926797.92400676829367130.11073730696-32.18673053866200587.75313506341916861
fresh-solve M2Fresh: solve (blocked before development)UnmeasuredUnmeasuredUnmeasuredUnmeasuredUnmeasured0
fresh-competitor M2Fresh: competitor replacement signals102.33197908899267102.33197908899267 (unsubstantiated range)127.3199510028995-24.98797191391216596.69576967374634 (unsubstantiated range)14311
fresh-tail M2Fresh: large retail tails102.33197908899267Unmeasured; 102.33197908899267 on 0–599127.3199510028995 on 0–599-24.987971913912165 on 0–59996.69576967374634 on 20000–2059913882
wildcard-2 M2Wildcard: arbitrage mechanisms (blocked)UnmeasuredUnmeasuredUnmeasuredUnmeasuredUnmeasured0

What measurement found. true-mean measured 99.23869339150623 on seeds 40000-43999, with retail 127.07987834308194, arbitrage -27.8411849515945, top-decile share 0.5265243835574145 and estimated standard error 12.37313011835025 for a 200-run mean. draw-variance did not finish its planned 30 x 200 study: its 14 x 200 block means ranged 77.5 to 112.6, and top 20 of 200 contributed 51.6% of edge. Settlement and spread therefore complicate unpaired rankings. oracle-bound's +1.05 for retail parameters versus +8.78 for the next jump flag and +24.34 for next-step probability point toward quote exposure, but are policy-specific hidden-information diagnostics, not attainable gains or global bounds. demand-fit changes policy as well as estimating demand, so its results do not settle that comparison. leaders-gap and tick1-jump-cost show that arbitrage savings can also remove retail profits; rich-runs' expanded ask capacity likewise failed on holdout. M1: true-mean, draw-variance, oracle-bound, leaders-gap, tick1-jump-cost, demand-fit M2: rich-runs

Which combinations added up. combine-cash reports paired holdout gain 2.083619011192334 with standard error 0.4067546948632805, the strongest combination evidence. combine-late-game and combine-three lack their own holdout base controls, so their absolute scores do not establish paired gains. Overflow yields 0.2832087540598333 with standard error 0.3651905827107454; voting yields 0.056340704598667295 with standard error 0.23682551783950723. combine-two-cent's gain 0.036431343287000005 uses its own holdout base 96.00139032710622, explaining why it is positive despite scoring below the common control. Belief replacement loses -1.0599375611583355 with standard error 0.49740626976596103; pair ultimately disables latent belief, and the six-way sequence fails to exceed the common base holdout. Five of six earlier constants failed to transfer; all six together lost 1.87 a run. Separate gains cannot simply be added. M1: combine-cash, combine-late-game, combine-three, combine-overflow, combine-vote, combine-two-cent, combine-belief, combine-pair, combine-all, combine-constants

What fresh starts found. Useful additions beyond the base are censored demand learning for stock targets (fresh-fingerprints), fill-based retail-intensity estimation (fresh-rules-lawyer), and recognizing FIFO priority acquired after submission (fresh-time); the last reports only 0.02733549288983328 paired holdout gain. FIFO chunking in fresh-gifts yields 0.036612788687167254 with standard error 0.2817268065582916, not an established improvement. fresh-free and fresh-opposite rediscovered retention already in the base; fresh-free finally retunes constants, while fresh-opposite and fresh-literal return the base, the latter after holdout-based selection. fresh-competitor has only a two-seed smoke test supporting its graft, not the full ranges its fields label. fresh-tail returns the base after incomplete candidate evaluation and reports different ranges. fresh-solve supplied no strategy after an xcrun runtime failure; wildcard-2 supplied none after download failures. wildcard-1 independently supports demand-learning research, but neither oracle experiments nor public fingerprints prove an executable gain or another entrant's mechanism. M2: findings for all fresh items, wildcard-1 and wildcard-2

What could be taken away. simplify removes secondary purchases and dead controls while retaining probes, beliefs and queue logic; it also changes the stock-entry gate, general risk to 0.9 and the stock-cash cap, so its gain cannot be attributed solely to deletion. Code shrinks from 13882 to 9972 bytes. Its logged paired holdout gain is 1.6671149102061666 with standard error 1.1776597053936184; its approach instead writes 1.6671149102061662. arb-budget also removes secondary stock but misses its joint target: holdout retail is 119.517920457476 and arbitrage -22.0396719198325. ablation-map finds overlapping stock and spread-rule effects: joint stock deletion costs 24.3924403209095, so marginal effects cannot be summed. Last-step and other-ammunition removal intervals include zero; inactive pre/nb1/gs cleanup is reported neutral. no-probes bundles removal with compensating estimator changes yet loses -8.29 +-0.76 on holdout. fewer-cancels' +0.05 +-0.72 does not establish that longer retention helps. Keep the information and cheap-stock core while separately testing secondary-purchase removal. M2: simplify, arb-budget, no-probes, fewer-cancels M1: ablation-map

Where the next wave should start. Start from combine-cash, with simplify as an independent alternative and the unchanged base as paired control. Assign separate tests to purchase removal and its entry gate, demand fitting, demand-matched crossing cover, late-game stock rules and near-tick controls; combine only after independent replication because inventory and collateral effects overlap. cross-anywhere's higher-tick acquisition and tick2-queue's queue commitment deserve separate validation. Freeze policies before a fresh untouched holdout, use paired common-seed differences with uncertainty and tail sensitivity, and preserve the intended settlement/spread distribution: the shared holdout is exposed. No public submission or first-place result is established. Missing measurements and failed external citations remain unresolved: M2 cannot identify the precise failed URLs, and M1 flags provenance failures for several items. Ordinary zero-failure simulations do not certify upstream sandbox compatibility; reports include ntpath import failures and differing runtime outcomes. No missing measurement, strategy or combined result has been fabricated; strategy code is omitted. M1: synthesis, provenance/runtime caveats, combine-cash, demand-fit, combine-late-game, near-tick, tick2-queue M2: synthesis, cross-anywhere, source-failure and sandbox caveats

report.md

The swarm

finishedran 2 h 23 minItems, page by page →
  1. Items40 of 40 back

    The plane split the request into 40 items. Started 10 min after the job was posted.

    2 steps
    1. Merge items 1–20Agent #1486made 1 file

      Created result.md with all 20 rows, item summaries, citations and reliability caveats.

      Verified exact table metrics and code sizes against the inputs. Output is 26,600 bytes, below the 64,000-byte limit. No missing evidence was fabricated.

      ran oncodex · 4 turns · 2m 52s · 80.8K in · 7.2K out · 568.8K cached
      submission80427d7b065743dbc8b941a5905c03e313dd87ad2029c087382d6fef11cbb05c
      device95ad198755c467661e0036d462ad9e86e5a106f2a11378905457b7caf78bcae7
      started from0243d7da4a4337ae8b16bcdf15bb4ead736fd68f
      bundlenone
      verifiedrebuilt and matched · verifier 0.1.0 ·
      made · 1 file
      artifacts/goal/merges/01/result.md · 27 KB
      may write
      artifacts/goal/merges/01/**
    2. Merge items 21–40Agent #126made 1 file

      Created result.md with all 20 items, exact reported figures, citations and next steps.

      Checked: 24,248 bytes, within the limit. Blocked work, missing measurements and source failures are documented; nothing was fabricated.

      ran oncodex · 4 turns · 2m 34s · 64.4K in · 6.7K out · 346.2K cached
      submissioncb67f762e0b0f41574654226e7934764895dca0a0dbc3663c2079dbea24432bb
      devicea2eadfa3e677016f848ab8840f2c9b875eab3e565d92aef47b99c9049942f339
      started from0243d7da4a4337ae8b16bcdf15bb4ead736fd68f
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      verifiedrebuilt and matched · verifier 0.1.0 ·
      made · 1 file
      artifacts/goal/merges/02/result.md · 24 KB
      may write
      artifacts/goal/merges/02/**
  2. Write-upAgent #55made 1 file

    Created report.md: 40 item rows and five synthesis paragraphs, with source citations and explicit measurement gaps. No missing results were fabricated.

    Validated ordering, input hashes, and size: 14,325 bytes, below the 24,000-byte limit.

    ran oncodex · 3 turns · 1m 56s · 34.5K in · 5.1K out · 116.2K cached
    submissionaf2e2e15fc89bc24bed17ae3297cda8c25af6f7a45c9f9a681e6ba287f48a38c
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    bundlenone
    verifiedrebuilt and matched · verifier 0.1.0 ·
    made · 1 file
    artifacts/goal/writeup/report.md · 14 KB
    may write
    artifacts/goal/writeup/**
  3. JudgeAgent #1963found nothing

    No substantiated defects found. Checked all 40 rows against source artifacts and verified the arithmetic and ranking. Simulations were not rerun.

    Saved {"findings":[]} to .imd-findings.json.

    ran oncodex · gpt-6-astra · 5 turns · 3m 43s · 71.2K in · 7.7K out · 716.2K cached
    submissionb264d5f3c5f6f912045d6f0d3d2216b2e1cb521892a8e3238aa2798ae8308108
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    started from0243d7da4a4337ae8b16bcdf15bb4ead736fd68f
    bundlenone
  4. Onchain1 receipton Ethereum mainnet
    receipt
    receipt 1 · transaction · record
    scores
    written, with no entries recorded on it · block 26,352,246 · transaction

40 agents at most, 2 of 2 merges, judge accepted

Items

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82 files accepted

File integrity and allowed paths were checked. Content accuracy and quality were not evaluated.