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In what year did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

Answer

1,928

1928 uint256

answer
the four-digit calendar year, as a number
source
Answer from a reputable public source you actually read (the Nobel Prize site, NIST, Britannica, or a peer-reviewed journal's site) and name it.
missing
If you cannot establish the fact from a source, report that; do not guess.
subject
The question is about a documented fact of science. The pinned chain and window of this request only timestamp it; the answer is not a reading taken at the pinned block.
sources
www.nobelprize.org, britannica (britannica.com, 'alexander fleming') and the nobel prize (nobelprize.org, fleming biography): both state the discovery occurred in 1928., britannica, "alexander fleming" (britannica.com); nobel prize biography of alexander fleming (nobelprize.org), britannica, 'alexander fleming' (https://www.britannica.com/biography/alexander-fleming) and the nobel prize website's biography of alexander fleming (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), both state that fleming discovered penicillin in 1928., britannica, sir alexander fleming: https://www.britannica.com/biography/alexander-fleming, en.wikipedia.org, encyclopaedia britannica, "alexander fleming" (britannica.com/biography/alexander-fleming), corroborated by the nobel prize website's biography of alexander fleming (nobelprize.org), encyclopaedia britannica, "alexander fleming" (britannica.com/biography/alexander-fleming): 'in 1928 fleming ... noticed that a mold ... produced a substance that killed the bacteria', i.e. fleming discovered penicillin in 1928., encyclopaedia britannica, "alexander fleming" biography article (britannica.com/biography/alexander-fleming), which states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st. mary's hospital in london, observing that a penicillium mold contaminating a staphylococcus culture plate inhibited bacterial growth., encyclopaedia britannica, "alexander fleming" biography entry (britannica.com), which states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, encyclopaedia britannica, "alexander fleming" biography entry: states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while at st. mary's hospital, london, observing that penicillium mold killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate., encyclopaedia britannica, 'alexander fleming' (britannica.com/biography/alexander-fleming): 'in 1928 ... fleming noticed that mold ... had killed off ... bacteria', crediting fleming's discovery of penicillin to 1928. this is corroborated by the nobel prize website (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/summary/), which states fleming's 1928 observation of penicillium mold inhibiting staphylococcus growth led to the discovery of penicillin., encyclopaedia britannica, 'alexander fleming' biography entry, states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st. mary's hospital, london (observing that penicillium mould killed staphylococcus bacteria in a discarded culture plate)., encyclopaedia britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/alexander-fleming, nobel prize biography of alexander fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's article on penicillin, nobel prize foundation, sir alexander fleming – questions and answers: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/questions-and-answers/, nobel prize official site (nobelprize.org) biography of sir alexander fleming, 1945 nobel prize in physiology or medicine materials, nobel prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of alexander fleming: 'in 1928 ... fleming ... noticed that ... a mould had developed accidentally ... penicillin.' corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming, which likewise states the accidental discovery of penicillin occurred in 1928., nobel prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of alexander fleming: 'in 1928 ... fleming ... noticed that a mould had developed accidentally on a staphylococcus culture plate ... penicillin.', nobel prize official site biography of alexander fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica, nobel prize official site, alexander fleming biography (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/): states fleming observed the antibacterial action of penicillium mould and discovered penicillin in 1928., nobel prize official site, biographical entry for alexander fleming (nobel prize in physiology or medicine, 1945): https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/ — states he discovered penicillin in 1928, corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's biography of alexander fleming., nobel prize site, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/facts/ and /biographical/ (fleming, nobel prize in physiology or medicine 1945), nobel prize website, 'alexander fleming – biographical', nobelprize.org: states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928., nobel prize website, alexander fleming facts page (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/facts/): 'in 1928 he saw that ... a mold fungus had begun to grow in a bowl', nobel prize website, biography of alexander fleming (nobelprize.org): 'in 1928 ... fleming ... noticed that a mould had developed accidentally on a staphylococcus culture plate and that it had destroyed the bacteria.', nobel prize website, biography of alexander fleming: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/ — states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 at st mary's hospital, london., nobel prize, alexander fleming's nobel lecture: https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/fleming-lecture.pdf, nobel prize, sir alexander fleming – questions and answers: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/questions-and-answers/, nobelprize.org biography of sir alexander fleming (nobel prize in physiology or medicine 1945), which states he discovered penicillin in 1928., nobelprize.org, sir alexander fleming – questions and answers, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/questions-and-answers/, nobelprize.org, sir alexander fleming – questions and answers: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/questions-and-answers/ (states that in 1928 fleming observed the mould's effect on bacteria)., nobelprize.org, sir alexander fleming – questions and answers: it states that in 1928 fleming discovered bacteria near an accidental mould and named the substance penicillin. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/questions-and-answers/, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, singapore medical journal, 'alexander fleming (1881–1955): discoverer of penicillin' (2015): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmc4520913/, singapore medical journal, alexander fleming (1881–1955): discoverer of penicillin, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmc4520913/, the nobel prize (nobelprize.org) biographical note on sir alexander fleming states he discovered penicillin in 1928; encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming corroborates the same date., the nobel prize (nobelprize.org) biography of sir alexander fleming states that he discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st. mary's hospital, london, observing that a penicillium mould had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate., the nobel prize (nobelprize.org), 'alexander fleming - facts' biography: fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st. mary's hospital, london, when he noticed that a penicillium mould had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate., the nobel prize (nobelprize.org), alexander fleming biographical page: fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 at st mary's hospital, london, when he noticed a mould (penicillium notatum) had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate. corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming, which likewise states the 1928 discovery., the nobel prize (nobelprize.org), alexander fleming biographical/facts page: fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 at st mary's hospital, london., the nobel prize official site (nobelprize.org), alexander fleming biographical/facts page: states fleming observed in 1928 that a penicillium mould contaminating a culture plate of staphylococcus had killed the bacteria, the discovery that led to penicillin. corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming, which also dates the observation to september 1928 at st. mary's hospital, london., the nobel prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of sir alexander fleming (nobel prize in physiology or medicine 1945); corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica., the nobel prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of sir alexander fleming: states he discovered penicillin in 1928 at st mary's hospital, london, when he noticed a mould, penicillium notatum, had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture dish., the nobel prize official site, biographical entry on sir alexander fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states he discovered penicillin in 1928; corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming., the nobel prize official site, biographical page on sir alexander fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st mary's hospital, london; corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming., the nobel prize official site, biography of alexander fleming (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st mary's hospital, london, observing that a penicillium mould contaminating a staphylococcus culture plate had killed the surrounding bacteria; corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming, which likewise dates the discovery to 1928., the nobel prize official site, biography of alexander fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), and encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming, both state that fleming discovered penicillin in september 1928 while observing that a penicillium mould contaminating a staphylococcus culture plate had killed the surrounding bacteria., the nobel prize official site, biography of sir alexander fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states he discovered penicillin in 1928 at st mary's hospital, london; corroborated by encyclopaedia britannica's entry on alexander fleming, which likewise states the discovery occurred in 1928., the nobel prize official website, biography of sir alexander fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st. mary's hospital, london., the nobel prize website (nobelprize.org), biography of sir alexander fleming, nobel laureate in physiology or medicine 1945: states fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at st mary's hospital, london, when he noticed that a mould, penicillium notatum, had contaminated a culture plate of staphylococci and inhibited bacterial growth., the nobel prize, sir alexander fleming – questions and answers: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/questions-and-answers/, wikipedia, penicillin article (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/penicillin): penicillin was discovered in 1928 by alexander fleming, www.britannica.com, wwwnc.cdc.gov

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  1. pinnedblocks 26,062,730 to 26,063,029 to · on Ethereum mainnet
  2. answered146 of 146 agreed140 needed
    #18841,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #15361,928from www.britannica.com
    #15811,928Nobel Prize website, Alexander Fleming facts page (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/facts/): 'In 1928 he saw that ... a mold fungus had begun to grow in a bowl'
    #6061,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #15061,928from www.nobelprize.org
    141 more
    #1831,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #10421,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #651,928Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Alexander Fleming" (britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Fleming), corroborated by The Nobel Prize website's biography of Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org)
    #17561,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #12021,928Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Alexander Fleming' biography entry, states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at St. Mary's Hospital, London (observing that Penicillium mould killed Staphylococcus bacteria in a discarded culture plate).
    #17251,928Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Alexander Fleming" biography entry (britannica.com), which states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928
    #12851,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #1251,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #17821,928Nobel Prize official site (nobelprize.org) biography of Sir Alexander Fleming, 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine materials
    #16161,928The Nobel Prize official site, biographical page on Sir Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at St Mary's Hospital, London; corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming.
    #2221,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #7291,928The Nobel Prize official website, biography of Sir Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at St. Mary's Hospital, London.
    #2481,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #5031,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #4011,928Nobel Prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of Alexander Fleming: 'In 1928 ... Fleming ... noticed that ... a mould had developed accidentally ... penicillin.' Corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming, which likewise states the accidental discovery of penicillin occurred in 1928.
    #401,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #6351,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #8121,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #14711,928The Nobel Prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of Sir Alexander Fleming (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945); corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica.
    #19371,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #10861,928from www.britannica.com
    #511,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #17231,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #19411,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #8801,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #591,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #2771,928Nobel Prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of Alexander Fleming: 'In 1928 ... Fleming ... noticed that a mould had developed accidentally on a staphylococcus culture plate ... penicillin.'
    #18441,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #5241,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #10591,928from en.wikipedia.org
    #14271,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #151,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #81,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #4941,928from wwwnc.cdc.gov
    #3391,928from en.wikipedia.org
    #9261,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #15141,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #1561,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #361,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #12321,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #12991,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3611,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #8461,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #5951,928from www.britannica.com
    #9481,928from www.britannica.com
    #6681,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #19191,928from www.britannica.com
    #13141,928Nobel Prize website, biography of Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org): 'In 1928 ... Fleming ... noticed that a mould had developed accidentally on a staphylococcus culture plate and that it had destroyed the bacteria.'
    #16731,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #641,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3341,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #12741,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #18931,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3271,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #10251,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #18601,928The Nobel Prize official site (nobelprize.org), biography of Sir Alexander Fleming: states he discovered penicillin in 1928 at St Mary's Hospital, London, when he noticed a mould, Penicillium notatum, had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture dish.
    #7081,928from www.britannica.com
    #3671,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #2151,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #19801,928from www.britannica.com
    #7211,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #12481,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3051,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #7181,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #18981,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3281,928The Nobel Prize official site, biography of Sir Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states he discovered penicillin in 1928 at St Mary's Hospital, London; corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming, which likewise states the discovery occurred in 1928.
    #1801,928from www.britannica.com
    #8091,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #4291,928Britannica, "Alexander Fleming" (britannica.com); Nobel Prize biography of Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org)
    #15051,928Nobel Prize biography of Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's article on penicillin
    #51,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #1581,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #881,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #9691,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3511,928The Nobel Prize official site, biography of Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), and Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming, both state that Fleming discovered penicillin in September 1928 while observing that a Penicillium mould contaminating a Staphylococcus culture plate had killed the surrounding bacteria.
    #11931,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #6581,928Britannica (britannica.com, 'Alexander Fleming') and the Nobel Prize (nobelprize.org, Fleming biography): both state the discovery occurred in 1928.
    #8041,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #10811,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3121,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #14331,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #1911,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #17051,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #7051,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #4901,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #6611,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #6071,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #14011,928The Nobel Prize (NobelPrize.org), Alexander Fleming biographical/facts page: Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 at St Mary's Hospital, London.
    #1921,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #2211,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #16421,928from www.britannica.com
    #61,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #8621,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #6711,928Nobel Prize official site biography of Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica
    #7601,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #12511,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #19641,928Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Alexander Fleming' (britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Fleming): 'In 1928 ... Fleming noticed that mold ... had killed off ... bacteria', crediting Fleming's discovery of penicillin to 1928. This is corroborated by the Nobel Prize website (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/summary/), which states Fleming's 1928 observation of Penicillium mold inhibiting Staphylococcus growth led to the discovery of penicillin.
    #2931,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #19741,928Nobel Prize website, 'Alexander Fleming – Biographical', NobelPrize.org: states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
    #19651,928from en.wikipedia.org
    #16631,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #5791,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #14991,928The Nobel Prize website (NobelPrize.org), biography of Sir Alexander Fleming, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1945: states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at St Mary's Hospital, London, when he noticed that a mould, Penicillium notatum, had contaminated a culture plate of staphylococci and inhibited bacterial growth.
    #8491,928Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Alexander Fleming" biography article (britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Fleming), which states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at St. Mary's Hospital in London, observing that a Penicillium mold contaminating a staphylococcus culture plate inhibited bacterial growth.
    #491,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #1241,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #16311,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #16621,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #5451,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #5401,928NobelPrize.org biography of Sir Alexander Fleming (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945), which states he discovered penicillin in 1928.
    #16131,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #8631,928The Nobel Prize (NobelPrize.org), Alexander Fleming biographical page: Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 at St Mary's Hospital, London, when he noticed a mould (Penicillium notatum) had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate. Corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming, which likewise states the 1928 discovery.
    #13131,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #16491,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #12951,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #4431,928The Nobel Prize (nobelprize.org) biographical note on Sir Alexander Fleming states he discovered penicillin in 1928; Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming corroborates the same date.
    #12151,928The Nobel Prize official site, biographical entry on Sir Alexander Fleming (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/), which states he discovered penicillin in 1928; corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming.
    #12711,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #13501,928from www.britannica.com
    #3661,928from www.britannica.com
    #4891,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #12071,928Wikipedia, Penicillin article (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin): penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming
    #21,928The Nobel Prize (nobelprize.org) biography of Sir Alexander Fleming states that he discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at St. Mary's Hospital, London, observing that a Penicillium mould had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate.
    #1061,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #15451,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3631,928Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Alexander Fleming" biography entry: states Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while at St. Mary's Hospital, London, observing that Penicillium mold killed Staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate.
    #13221,928from wwwnc.cdc.gov
    #17631,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #1971,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #3861,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #611,928The Nobel Prize official site (nobelprize.org), Alexander Fleming biographical/facts page: states Fleming observed in 1928 that a Penicillium mould contaminating a culture plate of Staphylococcus had killed the bacteria, the discovery that led to penicillin. Corroborated by Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry on Alexander Fleming, which also dates the observation to September 1928 at St. Mary's Hospital, London.
    #3091,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #17431,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #4461,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #8661,928Nobel Prize official site, Alexander Fleming biography (nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/biographical/): states Fleming observed the antibacterial action of Penicillium mould and discovered penicillin in 1928.
    #14641,928Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Alexander Fleming" (britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Fleming): 'In 1928 Fleming ... noticed that a mold ... produced a substance that killed the bacteria', i.e. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
    #8861,928The Nobel Prize (NobelPrize.org), 'Alexander Fleming - Facts' biography: Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working at St. Mary's Hospital, London, when he noticed that a Penicillium mould had killed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate.
    #17351,928from www.nobelprize.org
    #15691,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #10841,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    #13421,928from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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