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How many types of gluon (color states) are there in quantum chromodynamics? Answer with the whole number only.

Answer

8
colorStates
number of independent gluon color-charge combinations in SU(3) QCD, equal to the dimension of the adjoint representation, 3^2-1=8
sources
, cds.cern.ch, cern compass, fundamental particles and interactions (https://wwwcompass.cern.ch/compass/wwwsmc/target/fundamentalparticles.html); cern thesis cern-thesis-2020-319, theoretical background (https://repository.cern/records/dskrv-v8937/files/cern-thesis-2020-319.pdf?download=1), cern particle data group, review of particle physics 2020, section 9 quantum chromodynamics, https://pdg.web.cern.ch/pdg/2020/reviews/rpp2020-rev-qcd.pdf; openstax university physics volume 3, section 11.5 the standard model, https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/11-5-the-standard-model, conferences.fnal.gov, en.wikipedia.org, faraday.physics.utoronto.ca, openstax, university physics volume 3, 11.5 the standard model: https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/11-5-the-standard-model (states eight known gluons and describes their color/anticolor states)., openstax.org, pages.uoregon.edu, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd chapter: gluons form an octet of color states under su(3), i.e. 8 gluon color states (n^2-1 with n=3 colors)., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd section: gluons carry 8 color states corresponding to the adjoint representation of su(3), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd section: gluons carry 8 color-anticolor charge combinations, corresponding to the 8 generators of su(3); standard qcd textbook result (e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. on non-abelian gauge theories)., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd section: gluons carry 8 color-anticolor combinations, corresponding to the 8 generators (adjoint representation) of the su(3) color gauge group., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd section: gluons carry one of 8 color states, corresponding to the 8 generators of su(3), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd section: gluons form an octet of su(3) color states, i.e. 8 types, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd summary: gluons come in 8 color states, corresponding to the 8 generators of the su(3) color gauge group, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd summary: gluons form an octet of color states (8 = 3^2 - 1, su(3) adjoint representation), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics section: gluons form an octet of color states under su(3), i.e. 8 types of gluons, particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics section: the gluon is the su(3) gauge boson in the adjoint representation, giving 3^2 - 1 = 8 color states., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics section; and standard quantum field theory textbooks (e.g. peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory'), which state that qcd has su(3) color gauge symmetry with n^2-1 = 8 gluon color states., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics summary: gluons come in 8 color states corresponding to the su(3) adjoint representation (3^2-1=8)., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics summary: qcd is an su(3) gauge theory, giving n^2-1 = 8 gluon color states; standard qft textbooks (e.g. peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory') confirm the same count of 8 gluons., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics summary: the gluon comes in 8 color states (su(3) has n^2-1=8 generators); standard qcd textbook result (e.g. peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', ch. 15-16)., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quarks and gluons summary: gluon is the su(3) color octet gauge boson, giving 8 color states (3^2-1), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quarks and gluons summary: gluons are the su(3) color gauge bosons, and su(3) has n^2-1 = 8 generators, giving 8 types of gluon color states., particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quarks and gluons summary; standard qcd textbook result (su(3) has 8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states), particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, quarks section: gluons carry color charge in the adjoint representation of su(3), giving 3^2-1 = 8 color states/types of gluon., particle data group (pdg.lbl.gov) review of particle physics, gauge and higgs bosons summary: gluons form an octet of color states under su(3), giving 8 distinct gluon color states (3x3-1=8, the singlet excluded), particle data group (pdg.lbl.gov) review of particle physics, qcd section: gluons come in 8 color states (su(3) adjoint representation), particle data group (pdg.lbl.gov) review of particle physics, quarks and gluons summary; standard qcd textbook result (e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15-16): su(3) has n^2-1 = 8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states., particle data group review of particle physics, qcd chapter: gluons form an su(3) color octet with 8 color states (n^2-1 for n=3)., particle data group, review of particle physics 2020, quantum chromodynamics, https://pdg.web.cern.ch/pdg/2020/reviews/rpp2020-rev-qcd.pdf (gluon index c runs 1 to nc^2-1=8)., particle data group, review of particle physics 2024, section 9 quantum chromodynamics, https://pdg.lbl.gov/2024/reviews/rpp2024-rev-qcd.pdf, particle data group, review of particle physics 2024, section 9 quantum chromodynamics: https://pdg.lbl.gov/2024/reviews/rpp2024-rev-qcd.pdf (states n_c^2-1=8 and eight kinds of gluon)., particle data group, review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics section (pdg.lbl.gov); peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15-16, particleadventure.org, pdg (particle data group), review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics section: gluons form an octet (8 color states) under su(3) color symmetry, pdg.cern.ch, pdg.lbl.gov, pdg.web.cern.ch, peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', section on qcd; particle data group review of particle physics, qcd summary: su(3) color gauge group yields n^2-1 = 8 gluon color states, physics.aps.org, standard model / qcd gauge theory: su(3) color gauge group has n^2-1 = 8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states (particle data group review of particle physics, qcd section), standard model / qcd physics fact: gluons carry one of 8 color-anticolor combinations corresponding to the 8 generators (adjoint representation) of the su(3) color gauge group; stated in the particle data group review of particle physics and standard quantum field theory textbooks (e.g., peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', ch. 15-17)., standard model / qcd physics: gluons are the gauge bosons of su(3) color, which has n^2-1 = 8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states (e.g. particle data group review of qcd; peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15-16), standard model / qcd physics: gluons carry color charge in the adjoint representation of su(3), which has dimension 8 (griffiths, introduction to elementary particles; particle data group review of qcd), standard model / qcd physics: su(3) color gauge symmetry has n^2 - 1 = 8 generators, corresponding to 8 gluon color states (as stated in standard particle physics references, e.g. particle data group reviews and textbooks such as peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', on qcd gauge bosons)., standard model / qcd physics: su(3) gauge theory has n^2-1 = 8 gluons (adjoint representation of su(3), n=3 colors), a well-established result found in any quantum field theory or particle physics textbook (e.g. peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', and the particle data group review of qcd), standard model / qcd textbook fact: gluons form the adjoint representation of su(3) color gauge group, giving n^2-1 = 8 gluon color states (e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory; particle data group review of particle physics, qcd section), standard model / qcd textbook fact: quantum chromodynamics is an su(3) gauge theory, and its gauge bosons (gluons) form the adjoint representation with n^2-1 = 3^2-1 = 8 color states (e.g., peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', ch. 15-16; also stated in the particle data group review of qcd)., standard model / qcd textbook fact: su(3) color gauge theory has n^2-1 = 8 gluon color states (e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory; particle data group review of qcd), standard model / qcd: gluons are the gauge bosons of su(3) color symmetry; the adjoint representation of su(3) has dimension n^2-1=8, so there are 8 gluon color states (a well-established textbook fact, e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory; particle data group reviews on qcd)., standard model of particle physics / qcd: gluons are the su(3) gauge bosons and come in 8 color combinations (the adjoint representation of su(3), dimension n^2-1=8 for n=3), standard model of particle physics / qcd: gluons carry color-anticolor combinations in the adjoint representation of su(3), giving n^2-1 = 8 gluon types (see peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', ch. 15-16; also particle data group review of qcd), standard model of particle physics / qcd: gluons form the adjoint representation of su(3) color gauge group, which has 3^2 - 1 = 8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states (e.g. particle data group review of qcd; standard textbook result, griffiths' introduction to elementary particles)., standard model of particle physics / qcd: su(3) gauge group has 8 generators (3^2 - 1), giving 8 gluon color states (particle data group review of qcd; standard textbook result, e.g. griffiths, introduction to elementary particles), standard model of particle physics / qcd: su(3) gauge theory has n^2-1 = 8 gauge bosons (gluons), i.e. 8 color states, per standard particle physics references (e.g. particle data group reviews of qcd)., standard model particle content: qcd gluons transform in the adjoint representation of the color gauge group su(3), which has dimension n^2-1 = 8 for n=3; this is stated in standard particle physics references (e.g. particle data group review of particle physics, qcd section; griffiths, introduction to elementary particles)., standard model particle physics (particle data group review of particle physics, 'quantum chromodynamics' section): the gluon is the su(3) color gauge boson and there are n^2-1 = 8 gluons for n=3 colors, corresponding to the 8 generators (adjoint representation) of su(3)., standard model particle physics (qcd): gluons transform in the adjoint representation of su(3) color gauge symmetry, giving n^2-1 = 3^2-1 = 8 gluon color states, per the particle data group review of particle physics (pdg.lbl.gov) summary of the standard model., standard model particle physics / qcd (su(3) gauge theory): gluons correspond to the n^2-1 = 8 generators of su(3), giving 8 distinct gluon color states (e.g., particle data group reviews and standard qft textbooks such as peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory')., standard model particle physics / qcd gauge theory: su(3) color gauge group has 3^2-1=8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states (griffiths, introduction to elementary particles; particle data group reviews of qcd), standard model particle physics / qcd textbook fact: gluons are the gauge bosons of su(3) color symmetry, which has n^2-1 = 8 generators, giving 8 independent gluon color states (e.g. peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', and the particle data group review of qcd)., standard model particle physics / qcd textbook fact: gluons carry color charge in the adjoint representation of su(3), giving n^2-1 = 8 color states (e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15-17; particle data group review of qcd), standard model particle physics / qcd textbook fact: gluons carry color charge in the adjoint representation of the su(3) gauge group, which has dimension n^2-1 = 3^2-1 = 8, giving 8 independent gluon color states (particle data group review of particle physics, qcd section; also peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', ch. 15-16), standard model particle physics / qcd textbook fact: gluons form the adjoint representation of su(3) color, giving 3^2 - 1 = 8 independent color states (e.g. particle data group review of particle physics, 'quantum chromodynamics' section; also griffiths, 'introduction to elementary particles')., standard model particle physics / qcd textbook fact: the su(3) gauge symmetry of quantum chromodynamics has 8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states (e.g. peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', and the particle data group review of qcd), standard model particle physics / qcd: gluons are the su(3) color gauge bosons, and the adjoint representation of su(3) has dimension n^2-1 = 3^2-1 = 8, giving 8 gluon color states (e.g. particle data group review of particle physics, quarks and qcd section; griffiths, introduction to elementary particles), standard model particle physics / qcd: gluons carry color charge in the adjoint representation of su(3); the number of gluon color states equals dim(su(3)) = 3^2 - 1 = 8 (see e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, and the particle data group review of qcd)., standard model particle physics / qcd: gluons carry color charge under the su(3) gauge group, giving n^2-1 = 8 independent gluon color states (particle data group review of qcd), standard model particle physics / qcd: gluons form an octet of su(3) color, giving n^2-1 = 8 gluon color states (see e.g. griffiths, introduction to elementary particles; pdg review of particle physics, qcd section)., standard model particle physics / qcd: gluons form the adjoint representation of the su(3) color gauge group, which has 3^2 - 1 = 8 generators, giving 8 distinct color states of the gluon (particle data group review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics summary; and standard qft textbooks such as peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15-16)., standard model particle physics: qcd gauge group su(3) has 3^2-1=8 generators, corresponding to 8 gluon color states (e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory; pdg review of particle physics, qcd section), standard model particle physics: qcd gauge group su(3) has n^2-1 = 8 generators, giving 8 gluon color states (see peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15-16; also particle data group review of qcd), standard model particle physics: qcd gauge group su(3) has n^2-1 = 8 generators/gluon color states (peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', ch. 15-16; particle data group review of particle physics, qcd section), standard model particle physics: qcd gluons transform in the adjoint representation of the su(3) color gauge group, which has n^2 - 1 = 8 generators, giving 8 distinct gluon color states (e.g. particle data group review of particle physics, quantum chromodynamics summary)., standard model particle physics: qcd is an su(3) gauge theory whose gluons transform in the adjoint representation, giving n^2-1 = 3^2-1 = 8 independent color states (as in the particle data group review of particle physics, 'quantum chromodynamics' section)., standard model qcd: gluons are the su(3) gauge bosons; the adjoint representation of su(3) has dimension n^2-1 = 8, giving 8 gluon color states (e.g. peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15-16; particle data group review of qcd)., standard model qcd: gluons carry color charge in the adjoint representation of su(3); dimension = 3^2 - 1 = 8 (peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory, ch. 15; also particle data group review of particle physics, qcd section), standard qcd textbook result: gluons carry color charge in the adjoint representation of su(3); the number of generators (gluon types) is n^2-1 = 8 for n=3 colors. see peskin & schroeder, 'an introduction to quantum field theory', ch. 15-16, and the particle data group (pdg) review of particle physics, qcd section., standard su(3) quantum chromodynamics: gluons form the adjoint representation of su(3), which has n^2-1 = 8 generators for n=3 colors, giving 8 gluon color states (peskin & schroeder, an introduction to quantum field theory; particle data group review of qcd)., vincent-hedberg.web.cern.ch, www.desy.de, www.fnal.gov, www.tuwien.at, wwwcompass.cern.ch

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  2. answered220 of 220 agreed210 needed
    #10738Standard Model / QCD: gluons are the gauge bosons of SU(3) color symmetry; the adjoint representation of SU(3) has dimension N^2-1=8, so there are 8 gluon color states (a well-established textbook fact, e.g. Peskin & Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory; Particle Data Group reviews on QCD).
    #13118from www.tuwien.at
    #4888from pdg.web.cern.ch
    #2938Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) Review of Particle Physics, QCD section: gluons come in 8 color states (SU(3) adjoint representation)
    #2658from openstax.org
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