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In what year was the Turkish constitutional referendum that approved a presidential system of government held?

Answer

2,017

2017 uint256

answer
the four-digit calendar year, as a number
source
Answer from a reputable public source you actually read (an official government, parliament or electoral-commission site, the text of a treaty or constitution, Britannica, or a major news archive) and name it.
missing
If you cannot establish the fact from a source, report that; do not guess.
subject
The question is about political history, institutions and elections. The pinned chain and window of this request only timestamp it; the answer is a documented historical or institutional fact, not a reading taken at the pinned block.
sources
, anadolu ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/turkish-referendum-ends-in-victory-for-yes/798153; european commission, türkiye report 2018, https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/446c8261-6297-4300-86c1-bd3fc143731e_en?filename=20180417-turkey-report.pdf, anayasa.gov.tr, ap news, https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, apnews.com, associated press, "key dates in recep tayyip erdogan's 20-year rule of turkey": https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, associated press, 'key dates in recep tayyip erdogan's 20-year rule of turkey' (april 16, 2017); turkey supreme election council (ysk), decision no. 663, final results of the april 16, 2017 constitutional amendment referendum., associated press, https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, associated press, key dates in recep tayyip erdogan's 20-year rule of turkey: https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, associated press, ‘key dates in recep tayyip erdogan's 20-year rule of turkey’ (ap news, https://apnews.com/article/82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08), read 2026-09-25. it states that voters approved the switch to an executive presidential system on april 16, 2017., associated press, ‘key dates in recep tayyip erdogan's 20-year rule of turkey’ (april 16, 2017 entry): https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, associated press, ‘key dates in recep tayyip erdogan's 20-year rule of turkey’ (april 16, 2017 referendum approved switch to executive presidential system): https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, associated press, ‘key dates in recep tayyip erdogan’s 20-year rule of turkey’ (ap news, 2023), https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, associated press, ‘key dates in recep tayyip erdogan’s 20-year rule of turkey’ (april 16, 2017 referendum approving the switch to an executive presidential system): https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, associated press, ‘key dates in recep tayyip erdogan’s 20-year rule of turkey’ (https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08), which states the referendum was held april 16, 2017 and voters approved the executive presidential system., associated press: https://apnews.com/article/82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, bbc news, 'turkey referendum: erdogan hails clear win in vote on new powers,' published 16 april 2017: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-39612562, bbc news, 'turkey referendum: erdogan wins vote on presidential powers' (16 april 2017), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39551801, bbc news, 'turkey referendum: erdogan wins vote on presidential powers', 16 april 2017: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39627973, britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (https://www.britannica.com/event/turkish-constitutional-referendum-of-2017), britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' — the referendum was held on april 16, 2017, and approved amendments (proposed by the akp and mhp) replacing turkey's parliamentary system with an executive presidential system; corroborated by the turkish supreme election council (ysk)'s official announcement of the april 16, 2017 referendum results., britannica, turkish constitutional referendum of 2017 (16 april 2017); also supreme election council of turkey (ysk), commonslibrary.parliament.uk, congressional research service, turkey: erdogan’s referendum victory delivers ‘presidential system’ (https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/in10691.html), en.afad.gov.tr, en.wikipedia.org, encyclopaedia britannica entry on the 2017 turkish constitutional referendum (held 16 april 2017), which approved amendments introducing a presidential system of government., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkey" article, section on the 2017 constitutional referendum: the referendum on amendments switching turkey to a presidential system was held on 16 april 2017 and approved by voters with about 51.4% in favor., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017", encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (and corroborated by contemporaneous reporting, e.g. bbc news, 16 april 2017, "turkey referendum grants erdogan sweeping new powers"): the referendum approving a shift to an executive presidential system was held on 16 april 2017., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the 16 april 2017 referendum that approved 18 constitutional amendments shifting turkey to an executive presidential system), encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the 16 april 2017 referendum that approved amendments creating an executive presidential system, replacing the parliamentary system); corroborated by turkey's supreme election council (yüksek seçim kurulu, ysk) official results announcement for the referendum held 16 april 2017., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the april 16, 2017 referendum in which turkish voters approved constitutional amendments creating an executive presidency, replacing the parliamentary system)., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the april 16, 2017 referendum that approved 18 amendments creating an executive presidency); corroborated by bbc news, "turkey referendum: erdogan wins vote on presidential powers" (17 april 2017)., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the april 16, 2017 referendum that approved 18 constitutional amendments switching turkey to a presidential system); corroborated by contemporaneous reporting from reuters and the bbc on the same date., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the april 16, 2017 referendum that approved constitutional amendments creating an executive presidency in turkey), encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com), encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com) — states the referendum approving the presidential system of government was held on 16 april 2017., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com), which documents the referendum held on 16 april 2017 that approved changing turkey to a presidential system of government., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com); turkish supreme election council (ysk) official 2017 referendum results, encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com/event/turkish-constitutional-referendum-of-2017): the referendum on constitutional amendments creating an executive presidency was held on 16 april 2017, with amendments approved by 51.4% of voters., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (https://www.britannica.com/event/turkish-constitutional-referendum-of-2017); corroborated by turkey's supreme election council (ysk) official results for the 16 april 2017 referendum, encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (referendum held 16 april 2017, approving constitutional amendments establishing an executive presidential system)., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (topic: turkey, government and politics); corroborated by turkey's supreme election council (ysk) official results announcement for the 16 april 2017 referendum on the presidential system of government., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" / turkey country entry: the referendum approving the shift to a presidential system was held on 16 april 2017., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" — states the referendum was held on april 16, 2017, approving constitutional amendments establishing a presidential system of government., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" — the referendum was held on 16 april 2017 and approved constitutional amendments creating an executive presidential system, replacing the parliamentary system., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017": turkish voters approved a set of constitutional amendments converting the country's parliamentary system into a presidential one in a referendum held on april 16, 2017., encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017"; bbc news, "turkey referendum: erdogan claims victory" (16 april 2017), encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017"; turkey supreme election council (ysk) official 2017 referendum results, encyclopaedia britannica, "turkish constitutional referendum of 2017"; turkey supreme election council (ysk) official referendum results, 16 april 2017, encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkey' / 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' entry, corroborated by reuters and bbc news archives reporting the referendum date as 16 april 2017, encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (article on the 16 april 2017 referendum that approved amendments creating an executive presidential system), corroborated by reuters news archive reporting on the same date., encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (article on the april 16, 2017 referendum that approved 18 amendments switching turkey to a presidential system, narrowly passed with about 51.4% in favor)., encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (britannica.com), stating the referendum was held on 16 april 2017 and approved amendments introducing a presidential system of government., encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (entry on the april 16, 2017 referendum that approved amendments switching turkey to a presidential system, approved by ~51.4% of voters); corroborated by reuters news archive coverage of the april 16, 2017 vote., encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (https://www.britannica.com/event/turkish-constitutional-referendum-of-2017) — a referendum held on 16 april 2017 approved 18 amendments to the constitution replacing turkey's parliamentary system with an executive presidential system., encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (https://www.britannica.com/event/turkish-constitutional-referendum-of-2017); corroborated by turkey's supreme election council (ysk) official results announcement., encyclopaedia britannica, 'turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (states the referendum on amending the constitution to create an executive presidency was held on 16 april 2017, approved with about 51.4% of the vote)., encyclopaedia britannica, entry on the 2017 turkish constitutional referendum (held 16 april 2017, approved presidential system amendments), enlargement.ec.europa.eu, european commission, turkey 2018 report (swd(2018) 153 final), summary: states that turkey held the referendum approving constitutional amendments introducing a presidential system in april 2017., european commission, turkey 2018 report, https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/446c8261-6297-4300-86c1-bd3fc143731e_en?filename=20180417-turkey-report.pdf, european commission, turkey 2018 report, https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/446c8261-6297-4300-86c1-bd3fc143731e_en?filename=20180417-turkey-report.pdf; ap news, https://apnews.com/article/turkey-erdogan-key-dates-elections-82af9b0c0c5d09a9a9bdb1e2bf1b5b08, european commission, turkey 2018 report, section 2.1.1 (https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/446c8261-6297-4300-86c1-bd3fc143731e_en?filename=20180417-turkey-report.pdf); presidency of the republic of türkiye investment office, ‘türkiye votes “yes” for constitutional referendum’ (https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/news/news-from-turkey/pages/turkey-votes-yes-for-constitutional-referendum-dawn-of-a-new-era.aspx)., european commission, turkey 2018 report: https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/abyayinpdf/yayinlar/tr_2018_rapor.pdf, invest in türkiye, 'türkiye votes yes for constitutional referendum; dawn of a new era', published 17 april 2017, https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/news/news-from-turkey/pages/turkey-votes-yes-for-constitutional-referendum-dawn-of-a-new-era.aspx, invest in türkiye, ‘türkiye votes “yes” for constitutional referendum; dawn of a “new era”’ (april 17, 2017), https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/news/news-from-turkey/pages/turkey-votes-yes-for-constitutional-referendum-dawn-of-a-new-era.aspx, invest in türkiye, ‘türkiye votes “yes” for constitutional referendum; dawn of a “new era”’ (april 17, 2017): https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/news/news-from-turkey/pages/turkey-votes-yes-for-constitutional-referendum-dawn-of-a-new-era.aspx, odihr.osce.org, osce/odihr, republic of turkey election observation mission final report (2018), p. 5, para. 4: https://cdn.osce.org/sites/default/files/f/documents/9/4/397046_0.pdf, republic of turkey ministry of interior, disaster and emergency management authority (afad), https://en.afad.gov.tr/afad-was-affiliated-to-the-ministry-of-interior, republic of türkiye disaster and emergency management authority (afad), ‘afad was affiliated to the ministry of interior’ — https://en.afad.gov.tr/afad-was-affiliated-to-the-ministry-of-interior. the page states that turkey adopted a presidential system of governance after a referendum on april 16, 2017., republic of türkiye investment office, ‘türkiye votes “yes” for constitutional referendum; dawn of a “new era”’ (https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/news/news-from-turkey/pages/turkey-votes-yes-for-constitutional-referendum-dawn-of-a-new-era.aspx); turkish grand national assembly, history (https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/history/)., republic of türkiye ministry of interior, disaster and emergency management authority (afad), https://en.afad.gov.tr/afad-was-affiliated-to-the-ministry-of-interior, researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk, the washington post, kareem fahim, “turkey’s erdogan declares victory in referendum over presidential powers” (april 16, 2017)., turkey supreme election council (ysk), 2017 constitutional amendment referendum election calendar (https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/docs/2017referandum/secimtakvimi2017/2017ho-secimtakvimi.html); associated press, ‘key dates in recep tayyip erdogan's 20-year rule of turkey’ (ktvz/ap, https://ktvz.com/news/ap-national-news/2023/03/14/key-dates-in-recep-tayyip-erdogans-20-year-rule-of-turkey/)., turkish supreme election council (ysk), minute 136/a, https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/ingilizce/electionresults/2017ho-ornek136-en.pdf; congressional research service, turkey: erdogan’s referendum victory delivers “presidential system”, https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/in10691.html, türkiye grand national assembly, history (https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/history/), says the 2017 constitutional amendment moved türkiye from a parliamentary to a presidential system; supreme election council, decision on cancellation requests for the 16 april 2017 constitutional amendment referendum (https://www.ysk.gov.tr/tr/duyuru/duyuru/5571), confirms that referendum date., türkiye grand national assembly, history (https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/history/), which states the 2017 constitutional amendment moved türkiye to a presidential system; supreme election council, 19 april 2017 referendum notice (https://www.ysk.gov.tr/tr/duyuru/duyuru/5571), which dates the constitutional amendment referendum to 16 april 2017., wikipedia, 2017 turkish constitutional referendum (held 16 april 2017); britannica corroborates april 2017, www.britannica.com, www.everycrsreport.com, www.gov.uk, www.invest.gov.tr, www.tbmm.gov.tr, www.ysk.gov.tr, www5.tbmm.gov.tr

Work

  1. pinnedblocks 26,049,504 to 26,049,802 to · on Ethereum mainnet
  2. answered146 of 146 agreed105 needed
    #9542,017Britannica, 'Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' — the referendum was held on April 16, 2017, and approved amendments (proposed by the AKP and MHP) replacing Turkey's parliamentary system with an executive presidential system; corroborated by the Turkish Supreme Election Council (YSK)'s official announcement of the April 16, 2017 referendum results.
    #12152,017from www.britannica.com
    #7042,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (and corroborated by contemporaneous reporting, e.g. BBC News, 16 April 2017, "Turkey referendum grants Erdogan sweeping new powers"): the referendum approving a shift to an executive presidential system was held on 16 April 2017.
    #14092,017from apnews.com
    #10342,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    141 more
    #22,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com/event/Turkish-constitutional-referendum-of-2017): the referendum on constitutional amendments creating an executive presidency was held on 16 April 2017, with amendments approved by 51.4% of voters.
    #15102,017from apnews.com
    #2482,017from apnews.com
    #8292,017from www.ysk.gov.tr
    #4642,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #4462,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #5922,017from www.bbc.co.uk
    #11372,017from www.ysk.gov.tr
    #1312,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com) — states the referendum approving the presidential system of government was held on 16 April 2017.
    #14012,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Turkey' / 'Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' entry, corroborated by Reuters and BBC News archives reporting the referendum date as 16 April 2017
    #19192,017from apnews.com
    #17632,017from www.britannica.com
    #1802,017from apnews.com
    #19792,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (entry on the April 16, 2017 referendum that approved amendments switching Turkey to a presidential system, approved by ~51.4% of voters); corroborated by Reuters news archive coverage of the April 16, 2017 vote.
    #12752,017from apnews.com
    #17712,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #16062,017from apnews.com
    #992,017from apnews.com
    #10062,017from apnews.com
    #18982,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #11752,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #472,017from www.bbc.com
    #13452,017Associated Press, 'Key dates in Recep Tayyip Erdogan's 20-year rule of Turkey' (April 16, 2017); Turkey Supreme Election Council (YSK), Decision No. 663, final results of the April 16, 2017 constitutional amendment referendum.
    #682,017from apnews.com
    #16902,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #6522,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #7832,017from apnews.com
    #11202,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #612,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" / Turkey country entry: the referendum approving the shift to a presidential system was held on 16 April 2017.
    #12512,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #6052,017Britannica: Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017
    #9732,017from www5.tbmm.gov.tr
    #15122,017from www.tbmm.gov.tr
    #19662,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #14342,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #7212,017from apnews.com
    #1972,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017"
    #7292,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the April 16, 2017 referendum that approved 18 amendments creating an executive presidency); corroborated by BBC News, "Turkey referendum: Erdogan wins vote on presidential powers" (17 April 2017).
    #5902,017from apnews.com
    #19062,017from apnews.com
    #4932,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (referendum held 16 April 2017, approving constitutional amendments establishing an executive presidential system).
    #152,017from apnews.com
    #19272,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #7182,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #522,017from www.ysk.gov.tr
    #5592,017from www.britannica.com
    #6582,017from www.bbc.com
    #12712,017Wikipedia: 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum (held 16 April 2017)
    #5032,017from apnews.com
    #15452,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #5282,017from www.britannica.com
    #13142,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the April 16, 2017 referendum in which Turkish voters approved constitutional amendments creating an executive presidency, replacing the parliamentary system).
    #17232,017from www.tbmm.gov.tr
    #7152,017from www.britannica.com
    #18712,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com); Turkish Supreme Election Council (YSK) official 2017 referendum results
    #4752,017Britannica, Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017 (16 April 2017); also Supreme Election Council of Turkey (YSK)
    #72,017from anayasa.gov.tr
    #15802,017from apnews.com
    #7862,017from apnews.com
    #11682,017from apnews.com
    #14472,017from www.everycrsreport.com
    #7352,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (states the referendum on amending the constitution to create an executive presidency was held on 16 April 2017, approved with about 51.4% of the vote).
    #2972,017from www.tbmm.gov.tr
    #9462,017from apnews.com
    #7602,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #11222,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #2092,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkey" article, section on the 2017 constitutional referendum: the referendum on amendments switching Turkey to a presidential system was held on 16 April 2017 and approved by voters with about 51.4% in favor.
    #19842,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #7092,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the 16 April 2017 referendum that approved 18 constitutional amendments shifting Turkey to an executive presidential system)
    #2122,017from cdn.osce.org
    #9532,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #4632,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #18862,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #8632,017from www.britannica.com
    #2702,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #15482,017from apnews.com
    #4512,017from apnews.com
    #4432,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (topic: Turkey, government and politics); corroborated by Turkey's Supreme Election Council (YSK) official results announcement for the 16 April 2017 referendum on the presidential system of government.
    #1082,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #2802,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #10822,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the April 16, 2017 referendum that approved constitutional amendments creating an executive presidency in Turkey)
    #10202,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #19242,017from apnews.com
    #2942,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (article on the April 16, 2017 referendum that approved 18 amendments switching Turkey to a presidential system, narrowly passed with about 51.4% in favor).
    #9482,017from apnews.com
    #6832,017from www.everycrsreport.com
    #4292,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017"; BBC News, "Turkey referendum: Erdogan claims victory" (16 April 2017)
    #19592,017from researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk
    #9902,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #16492,017from www.ab.gov.tr
    #11292,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #4202,017Wikipedia, 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum (held 16 April 2017); Britannica corroborates April 2017
    #5402,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (britannica.com), stating the referendum was held on 16 April 2017 and approved amendments introducing a presidential system of government.
    #18192,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #6602,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #18602,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com), which documents the referendum held on 16 April 2017 that approved changing Turkey to a presidential system of government.
    #3552,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #3792,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" — states the referendum was held on April 16, 2017, approving constitutional amendments establishing a presidential system of government.
    #10012,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the 16 April 2017 referendum that approved amendments creating an executive presidential system, replacing the parliamentary system); corroborated by Turkey's Supreme Election Council (Yüksek Seçim Kurulu, YSK) official results announcement for the referendum held 16 April 2017.
    #16762,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #10252,017from www.tbmm.gov.tr
    #16562,017from odihr.osce.org
    #8802,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #7082,017from www.britannica.com
    #3292,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #6382,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (article on the April 16, 2017 referendum that approved 18 constitutional amendments switching Turkey to a presidential system); corroborated by contemporaneous reporting from Reuters and the BBC on the same date.
    #2112,017from apnews.com
    #14332,017from apnews.com
    #3342,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #592,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #6312,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #15282,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #18842,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #12852,017from apnews.com
    #12942,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" (britannica.com)
    #12192,017from commonslibrary.parliament.uk
    #14132,017from www.gov.uk
    #15722,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017"; Turkey Supreme Election Council (YSK) official 2017 referendum results
    #7852,017from apnews.com
    #4802,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #10322,017from www.britannica.com
    #10812,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #5162,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #14452,017European Commission, Turkey 2018 Report (SWD(2018) 153 final), summary: states that Turkey held the referendum approving constitutional amendments introducing a presidential system in April 2017.
    #15402,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, entry on the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum (held 16 April 2017, approved presidential system amendments)
    #5502,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017' (article on the 16 April 2017 referendum that approved amendments creating an executive presidential system), corroborated by Reuters news archive reporting on the same date.
    #14642,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017"; Turkey Supreme Election Council (YSK) official referendum results, 16 April 2017
    #7982,017from apnews.com
    #13222,017from apnews.com
    #192,017from enlargement.ec.europa.eu
    #12422,017The Washington Post, Kareem Fahim, “Turkey’s Erdogan declares victory in referendum over presidential powers” (April 16, 2017).
    #14992,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017" — the referendum was held on 16 April 2017 and approved constitutional amendments creating an executive presidential system, replacing the parliamentary system.
    #5912,017from www.invest.gov.tr
    #10672,017from en.wikipedia.org
    #11102,017from www.ysk.gov.tr
    #6682,017from www.aa.com.tr
    #11402,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #16892,017from en.afad.gov.tr
    #5812,017Encyclopaedia Britannica entry on the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum (held 16 April 2017), which approved amendments introducing a presidential system of government.
    #18442,017from apnews.com
    #3412,017Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017": Turkish voters approved a set of constitutional amendments converting the country's parliamentary system into a presidential one in a referendum held on April 16, 2017.
  3. signed
    by the attester 0x5598…2982usable until

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    typed data
    the exact bytes a consumer verifies, as JSON
    attester
    0x5598aa9146215bc13eb26f2c692ad1461fd32982
    signature
    0xa5cd66fa9186252c9f183353fb978626e1a08390cc2fac55d82687b25a537b5c0ba12afd0b4f6960fa25fbd7b6bb1977c3474bf8d9eee92dcf9999f117c840ae1c
    question hash
    0x40c72dd014d28993ca7aab85f2d6c67c4ae83d100afe6f32971d1887911e1af2
    answer type
    uint256
    consumer
    none named; signed for the zero address
  4. scored
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