Oracle
How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have? Answer with the whole number only.
Answer
4
- atom
- Neutral carbon atom in its ground state.
- valence electrons
- Electrons in the atom's outermost occupied shell; carbon's 1s2 2s2 2p2 configuration has four electrons in shell n=2.
- sources
- chemed.chem.purdue.edu, books.rsc.org, chem.libretexts.org, en.wikipedia.org, iupac gold book definition of valence electron, applied to carbon's ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2 (codata/nist atomic spectra database confirms this configuration for neutral carbon, z=6), iupac periodic table / standard chemistry reference: carbon (atomic number 6, group 14) has electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in its outermost shell, iupac periodic table / standard chemistry reference: carbon (z=6) has electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons in the n=2 shell, iupac periodic table / standard chemistry reference: carbon (z=6, electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2) has 4 valence electrons in its outer shell (group 14 element), iupac periodic table / standard chemistry reference: carbon (z=6, electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2) has 4 valence electrons, consistent with its group 14 membership, iupac periodic table / standard general chemistry reference: carbon (z=6) electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of elements / standard general chemistry reference: carbon (z=6) has ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost shell (n=2), i.e. 4 valence electrons; consistent with carbon's group 14 position., iupac periodic table of elements / standard general chemistry reference: carbon (z=6, group 14) has ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost shell, iupac periodic table of elements / standard general-chemistry references (e.g. crc handbook of chemistry and physics): carbon, atomic number 6, ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons in the n=2 shell., iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, atomic number 6, group 14): ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost shell, iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, atomic number 6, group 14): ground-state electron configuration [he] 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost shell, iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, group 14) and standard general chemistry references (e.g. chemistry libretexts / crc handbook), which give carbon's ground-state electron configuration as 1s2 2s2 2p2, yielding 4 valence electrons in the n=2 shell, iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, group 14, atomic number 6): ground-state electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost shell, iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, group 14, electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2), iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, group 14, electron configuration 2,4), iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, group 14, electron configuration [he] 2s2 2p2), iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, group 14, electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2 -> 4 valence electrons), iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, group 14, electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2) and standard general chemistry references (e.g. chemistry libretexts, 'valence electrons') both state a neutral ground-state carbon atom has 4 valence electrons., iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, z=6, ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 outer-shell electrons); consistent with standard chemistry references (e.g., crc handbook of chemistry and physics), iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, z=6, group 14, electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2 -> 4 valence electrons in the n=2 shell), iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, z=6, group 14, electron configuration [he] 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons), iupac periodic table of the elements (carbon, z=6, group 14, electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2) — standard chemistry reference, iupac periodic table of the elements (ground-state electron configuration of carbon: 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the n=2 valence shell), iupac periodic table of the elements (group 14 element, ground-state electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2), iupac periodic table of the elements (https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/) and crc handbook of chemistry and physics, both listing carbon (z=6, group 14) with electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements (https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/) and crc handbook of chemistry and physics, both stating carbon (z=6, group 14) has electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons in the n=2 shell, iupac periodic table of the elements (iupac.org) and crc handbook of chemistry and physics: carbon (z=6, group 14) has ground-state electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements (iupac.org) and crc handbook of chemistry and physics: carbon, atomic number 6, ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the n=2 valence shell (group 14 of the periodic table)., iupac periodic table of the elements (iupac.org) and crc handbook of chemistry and physics: carbon, atomic number 6, ground-state electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements (iupac.org) and nist atomic spectra database (physics.nist.gov/physrefdata/asd), both giving the ground-state electron configuration of carbon (z=6) as [he] 2s2 2p2, i.e. 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements (iupac.org) and standard general chemistry references (e.g. crc handbook of chemistry and physics), which give carbon's ground-state electron configuration as 1s2 2s2 2p2, i.e. 4 valence electrons in the n=2 shell, iupac periodic table of the elements / general chemistry reference: carbon (z=6, group 14) has electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements / general chemistry reference: carbon (z=6, group 14) has ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons in the n=2 shell., iupac periodic table of the elements / standard chemistry reference: carbon (z=6) ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost shell, iupac periodic table of the elements / standard chemistry reference: carbon (z=6) has ground-state electron configuration [he] 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements / standard chemistry references: carbon (z=6) has ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements / standard general chemistry reference: carbon (z=6) has ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the n=2 valence shell, iupac periodic table of the elements and standard general-chemistry references (e.g. crc handbook of chemistry and physics) list carbon (z=6, group 14) with electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements: carbon (atomic number 6, group 14) has electron configuration [he] 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost shell, iupac periodic table of the elements: carbon (z=6), group 14, electron configuration [he]2s2 2p2, giving 4 valence electrons, iupac periodic table of the elements: carbon (z=6, group 14) has ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, giving 4 electrons in the outermost n=2 shell, iupac-based chemistry reference: carbon (atomic number 6, electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2) has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, i.e. 4 valence electrons, khan academy, learn: carbon and hydrocarbons (https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/properties-of-carbon/carbon/a/carbon-and-hydrocarbons); ucla chemistry, illustrated glossary of organic chemistry, valence electron (https://www.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/igoc/v/valence_electron.html), openstax, organic chemistry §1.4 (states carbon has four valence electrons, 2s² 2p²); purdue university chemistry, lewis structures (states carbon has four valence electrons)., openstax, organic chemistry, section 1.4, states that carbon has four valence electrons (2s² 2p²): https://openstax.org/books/organic-chemistry/pages/1-4-development-of-chemical-bonding-theory, openstax, organic chemistry, section 1.4: https://openstax.org/books/organic-chemistry/pages/1-4-development-of-chemical-bonding-theory (states that carbon has four valence electrons, 2s²2p²)., openstax.org, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, purdue university chemistry: organic chemistry, https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/1organic/organic, purdue university department of chemistry, general chemistry: lewis structures, https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch8/lewis.html, purdue university, general chemistry: lewis structures, https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch8/lewis.html, standard chemistry reference (periodic table / general chemistry textbook): carbon, atomic number 6, electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, has 4 valence electrons in its n=2 outer shell., wikipedia, "carbon" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carbon): ground-state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2, "of which the four outer electrons are valence electrons"; electrons per shell listed as 2, 4., www.chem.ucla.edu, www.khanacademy.org, www.monash.edu, www.open.edu
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