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Which element is the most abundant in Earth's crust by mass? Answer with the element name only, in English.

Answer

Oxygen
metric
abundance by mass in Earth's crust, per standard geochemical composition estimates (e.g., CRC Handbook / USGS)
sources
, crc handbook of chemistry and physics / usgs crustal abundance tables: oxygen is the most abundant element in earth's continental crust by mass at roughly 46%, ahead of silicon (~28%), crc handbook of chemistry and physics / usgs crustal abundance tables: oxygen ~46.6% of earth's crust by mass, the largest single-element share, ahead of silicon (~27.7%), crc handbook of chemistry and physics / usgs geochemical abundance data: oxygen constitutes approximately 46% of earth's crust by mass, the largest share of any element, crc handbook of chemistry and physics, abundance of elements in the earth's crust; and usgs mineral resources program crustal abundance data — both list oxygen as ~46% by mass, the largest of any element, ahead of silicon (~28%), crc handbook of chemistry and physics, abundance of elements in the earth's crust; usgs elemental composition of earth's crust, en.wikipedia.org, pubs.usgs.gov, the open university openlearn, an introduction to minerals and rocks under the microscope, section 3.1, table 4: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/an-introduction-minerals-and-rocks-under-the-microscope/content-section-3.1, u.s. geological survey, composition of the earth's crust, table 18 (weight percentages; oxygen ranked 1st, 46.60%), https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0440d/report.pdf, usgs (https://www.usgs.gov) and crc handbook of chemistry and physics crustal abundance tables, usgs / crc handbook of chemistry and physics elemental abundance tables: oxygen is ~46% of the crust by mass, the most abundant element, usgs / crc handbook of chemistry and physics geochemical abundance data: oxygen is ~46% of earth's crust by mass, the most abundant element, followed by silicon (~28%), usgs / crc handbook of chemistry and physics: earth's crust composition by mass — oxygen ~46.6%, the most abundant element, ahead of silicon (~27.7%), usgs / crc handbook of chemistry and physics: oxygen is the most abundant element in earth's crust by mass (~46%), followed by silicon (~28%)., usgs / standard crustal abundance data (clarke values): oxygen ~46.6% of earth's crust by mass, the largest single-element share, usgs / standard crustal abundance tables (clarke values): oxygen is ~46.6% of earth's crust by mass, the most abundant element, followed by silicon (~27.7%), usgs / standard geochemistry references (e.g. clarke number data) state oxygen constitutes approximately 46% of earth's crust by mass, the largest share of any element, usgs / standard geochemistry references (e.g., clarke number / crustal abundance tables) listing oxygen as the most abundant element in earth's crust by mass, usgs and crc handbook of chemistry and physics report oxygen as ~46% of earth's crust by mass, the most abundant element, followed by silicon (~28%), usgs and standard geochemistry references (e.g., crc handbook of chemistry and physics) reporting earth's crust elemental composition by mass; oxygen is consistently cited as the most abundant element at approximately 46% by mass, ahead of silicon (~28%), usgs fact sheet / crc handbook of chemistry and physics: earth's crust composition by mass — oxygen ~46.6%, silicon ~27.7%, aluminum ~8.1%, iron ~5.0%, usgs fact sheet / crc handbook of chemistry and physics: elemental composition of earth's crust by mass — oxygen ~46.6%, the largest share of any element, usgs frequently asked questions / crc handbook of chemistry and physics: oxygen constitutes approximately 46% of earth's crust by mass, the largest share of any element, usgs geochemical crustal abundance data: oxygen constitutes approximately 46.6% of earth's crust by mass, the largest share of any element., usgs geochemistry references and standard bulk continental crust composition estimates (e.g., rudnick & gao 2003), which report oxygen as ~46% of the crust by mass, the largest share of any element., usgs geochemistry references and standard geochemistry textbooks report oxygen as ~46% of earth's crust by mass, the most abundant element, followed by silicon (~28%), usgs mineral commodity data / crc handbook of chemistry and physics crustal element abundance table, both listing oxygen as ~46% of earth's crust by mass, the largest single-element share, usgs mineral resources program / crc handbook of chemistry and physics, crustal abundance tables (elemental composition of earth's continental crust by mass percent), usgs mineral resources program / crc handbook of chemistry and physics, crustal element abundance table: oxygen ~46% of crust by mass, the largest single element, usgs mineral resources program / crc handbook of chemistry and physics: elemental composition of earth's crust by mass — oxygen is ~46.6%, the largest single-element share, followed by silicon (~27.7%)., usgs mineral resources program, 'abundance of elements in earth's crust' (oxygen ~46.6% by mass, the largest single-element share); consistent with crc handbook of chemistry and physics crustal abundance tables., usgs, composition of the earth's crust, table 18: https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0440d/report.pdf; royal society of chemistry, oxygen: https://periodic-table.rsc.org/element/8/, usgs/crc handbook of chemistry and physics crustal abundance tables: oxygen (~46% by mass) is the most abundant element in earth's crust, ahead of silicon (~28%), usgs/crc handbook of chemistry and physics elemental abundance data for earth's crust, usgs/crc handbook of chemistry and physics elemental abundance tables for earth's crust, which list oxygen as ~46% by mass, the largest share of any element, usgs/crc handbook of chemistry and physics elemental crustal abundance table: oxygen is ~46.6% of earth's crust by mass, the largest share of any element, usgs/crc handbook of chemistry and physics: oxygen is ~46% of earth's crust by mass, the most abundant element, followed by silicon (~28%), www.mvs.usace.army.mil, www.open.edu

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    #990OxygenUSGS / CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: Earth's crust composition by mass — oxygen ~46.6%, the most abundant element, ahead of silicon (~27.7%)
    #879OxygenUSGS / standard crustal abundance tables (Clarke values): oxygen is ~46.6% of Earth's crust by mass, the most abundant element, followed by silicon (~27.7%)
    #638oxygenCRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics / USGS geochemical abundance data: oxygen constitutes approximately 46% of Earth's crust by mass, the largest share of any element
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